Sub-acute exposure to the herbicide atrazine suppresses cell immune functions in adolescent mice

Zhao, Shuhua; Liu, Jian; Zhao, Fan; Liu, Wei; Li, Na; Suo, Qi; Zhao, Jing; Zhao, Lijing

doi:10.5582/bst.2013.v7.4.193

Cited by 14 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Thus, atrazine is an important pesticide to which humans are exposed. Atrazine exhibits weak mutagenicity and low oncogenic properties, but research by a number of authors is emerging that suggests that immune system disruption might be a concern ( 132 , 240 , 241 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the carcinogenic potential of low-dose exposures to chemical mixtures in the environment: the challenge ahead

Goodson¹,

Lowe

Carpenter

et al. 2015

CARCIN

252

167

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the carcinogenic potential of low-dose exposures to chemical mixtures in the environment: the challenge ahead

Goodson¹,

Lowe

Carpenter

et al. 2015

CARCIN

252

167

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show abstract

“…For example, both chlorpyrifos and carbendazim were found to reduce LPS‐induced production of IL‐1β and TNF‐α as well as macrophage lysosomal enzyme activity . Atrazine exposure was observed to decrease the level of IL‐4 in serum, as well as lymphocyte transformation and NK cell activity . Previously, we reported that cis ‐BF exposure inhibited transcription of IL‐1β , IL‐6, and TNF‐α in RAW 264.7 cells with and without LPS treatment .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Cis -bifenthrin induces immunotoxicity in adolescent male C57BL/6 mice

Wang

Gao

et al. 2017

Environmental Toxicology

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Bifenthrin (BF) is an important synthetic pyrethroid. Previous studies have demonstrated that cis-BF exhibits toxic effects on development, the neurological, reproductive and endocrine system. In this study, we evaluated the immunotoxicity caused by cis-BF in adolescent male C57BL/6 mice. Mice were exposed orally to 0, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg/d for 3 weeks. The results showed that body weight, spleen weight, and splenic cellularity decreased in mice exposed to 20 mg/kg/d cis-BF. Additionally, we found that the mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL-1, and TNF-α, in peritoneal macrophages, the spleen, and the thymus were inhibited in the cis-BF-treated groups. Moreover, MTT assays demonstrated that cis-BF inhibited splenocyte proliferation stimulated by LPS or Con A, as well as the secretion of IFN-γ on Con A stimulation. Collectively, the results of this study suggest that exposure to cis-BF has the potential to induce immunotoxicity in adolescent male C57BL/6 mice.

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“…Moreover, exposure to ecologically relevant atrazine concentrations has been linked to pathological conditions across several vertebrate classes. Such exposure in rodents, for example, affects the population dynamics and function of several immune cell subsets (Filipov et al, 2005; Rooney et al, 2003; Rowe et al, 2006; Zhao et al, 2013). Given their aquatic nature, amphibians are likely to be exposed regularly to any water contaminants and therefore are more susceptible to potential adverse health effects resulting from these exposures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative effects of low dose atrazine exposure on the development of effective immunity to FV3 in Xenopus laevis

Sifkarovski

Grayfer

Andino

et al. 2014

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

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The recent dramatic increase of the prevalence and range of amphibian host species and populations infected by ranaviruses such as Frog Virus 3 (FV3) raises concerns about the efficacies of amphibian antiviral immunity. In this context, the potential negative effects of water contaminants such as the herbicide atrazine, at environmentally relevant levels, on host antiviral immunity remains unclear. Here we describe the use of the amphibian Xenopus laevis as an ecotoxiciology platform to elucidate the consequences of exposure to ecologically relevant doses of atrazine on amphibian antiviral immunity. X. laevis were exposed at tadpole and adult stages as well as during metamorphosis to atrazine (range from 0.1 to 10.0 ppb) prior to infection with FV3. Quantitative analysis of gene expression revealed significant changes in the pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α and the antiviral type I IFN gene in response to FV3 infection. This was most marked in tadpoles that were exposed to atrazine at doses as low 0.1 ppb. Furthermore, atrazine exposure significantly compromised tadpole survival following FV3 infections. In contrast, acute atrazine exposure of mature adult frogs did not induce detectable effects on anti-FV3 immunity, but adults that were exposed to atrazine during metamorphosis exhibited pronounced defects in FV3-induced TNF-α gene expression responses and slight diminution in type I IFN gene induction. Thus, even at low doses, atrazine exposure culminates in impaired development of amphibian antiviral defenses.

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Sub-acute exposure to the herbicide atrazine suppresses cell immune functions in adolescent mice

Cited by 14 publications

References 41 publications

Assessing the carcinogenic potential of low-dose exposures to chemical mixtures in the environment: the challenge ahead

Assessing the carcinogenic potential of low-dose exposures to chemical mixtures in the environment: the challenge ahead

Cis -bifenthrin induces immunotoxicity in adolescent male C57BL/6 mice

Negative effects of low dose atrazine exposure on the development of effective immunity to FV3 in Xenopus laevis

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