SU(3) Spin–Orbit Coupled Rotating Bose–Einstein Condensate Subject to a Gradient Magnetic Field

Abstract

We consider a harmonically trapped rotating spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensate with SU(3) spin–orbit coupling subject to a gradient magnetic field. The effects of SU(3) spin–orbit coupling, rotation, and gradient magnetic field on the ground-state structure of the system are investigated in detail. Our results show that the interplay among SU(3) spin–orbit coupling, rotation, and gradient magnetic field can result in a variety of ground states, such as a vortex ring and clover-type structure. The numerical results agree well with our variational analysis results.

Effective potentials in a rotating spin-orbit-coupled spin-1 spinor condensate

“…It has also been shown numerically that a rotating spin-1 BEC with anisotropic SO coupling can support vortex-chain solutions [33,34], whereas the presence of an isotropic Rashba SO coupling may result in a vortex lattice with a hexagonal or an approximate square lattice pattern [35]. The numerical studies on ground states of rotating Rashba SO-coupled gases in concentrically coupled toroidal traps [36], rotating ferromagnetic BEC with isotropic three-dimensional SO coupling [37], and SU(3) coupling subjected to a magnetic-field gradient [38] are among the other investigations which deserve to be mentioned. More recently, topological vortical phase transitions in an SO-coupled spin-2 BEC under rotation have been theoretically studied [39].…”