Styrene Toxicity: An Ecotoxicological Assessment

Gibbs, Bernard F.; Mulligan, Catherine N.

doi:10.1006/eesa.1997.1526

Cited by 48 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Polystyrene is a polymer of styrene; it is a monoaromatic hydrocarbon and a colorless liquid at room temperature. The main use of styrene is in the production of polystyrene, foam materials, waxes, automobile tires, plastics, varnishes, and synthetic rubber products (9). Employees of polystyrene laboratories were found to have an increased incidence of pancreatic, colon, and lung cancer (10,11).…”

Section: Total Cell Counts % Macrophages % Neutrophils and Microspmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polystyrene Microspheres as a Specific Marker for the Diagnosis of Aspiration in Hamsters

Avital

Shapiro

Doviner

et al. 2002

Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol

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The diagnosis of recurrent aspiration in young children is problematic because there is no specific gold standard test to be used. In the present work, normal saline or a suspension of white polystyrene microspheres in normal saline was instilled into hamsters' trachea (n = 42), and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytology, microsphere index (total microspheres/100 macrophages), and lung histology were followed for 90 d. Naive animals (n = 6) had no tracheal instillation. On Days 1, 3, 10, 32, 60, and 90 after tracheal instillation, animals were killed (saline-instilled animals, n = 3; and microsphere-instilled animals, n = 4), and BAL was performed. There was a marked inflammatory response in BAL on Day 1 after tracheal instillation of saline or microsphere suspension. White microspheres were clearly identified within alveolar macrophages in all studied days. Microsphere numbers showed a 50% disappearance rate of 10 d. A mild peribronchial inflammation was noted in lung histology only on Day 1 after instillation. Microspheres were not detected in extrapulmonary organs. We conclude that polystyrene microspheres instilled in hamsters' trachea can be easily identified in BAL macrophages for as long as 3 mo and could potentially be used as a sensitive, specific, and stable marker for the diagnosis of aspiration.

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Section: Total Cell Counts % Macrophages % Neutrophils and Microspmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polystyrene Microspheres as a Specific Marker for the Diagnosis of Aspiration in Hamsters

Avital

Shapiro

Doviner

et al. 2002

Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol

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“…Substantially lower occupational exposures occur in styrene monomer and polymer production facilities. The general public is exposed to very low concentrations of styrene in ambient air, indoor air, food, and drinking water [Newhook and Caldwell, 1993;Miller et al, 1994;Gibbs and Mulligan, 1997].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total absorption may amount to gram quantities daily. Exposure of workers to styrene can result in memory loss, dif®culties in concentration and learning, brain and liver damage [Gibbs and Mulligan, 1997], nephrotoxicity [Welp et al, 1996;Verplanke and Herber, 1998], hematotoxicity [Stengel et al, 1990], reproductive and hepatotoxic effects (RTECS(R) database).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in cellular immunity among workers occupationally exposed to styrene in a plastics lamination plant

et al. 2000

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“…Some building materials emit styrene (Gibbs & Mulligan 1997). Diesel equipped machines emit fumes containing benzene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of potential hazards during the process of house building in Estonia

Bogovski

Lang

Rjazanov

et al. 2007

International Journal of Environmental Health Research

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The aim of this study was to evaluate new working conditions in the construction industry in Estonia. Three construction sites were investigated: a dwelling house at the stage of renovation, a warehouse at the stage of excavation and preparation work, and a hotel, where we examined the working conditions of the finishers. Microclimate: air temperature, relative humidity and air velocity were determined at every workplace. Full-shift personal exposure measurements of dust and gas exposure were performed among 97 construction workers in breathing zone air. The concentration of lead in the air was analysed by AAS. Vapours of benzene, styrene and toluene concentrations were determined by gas chromatography. The noise level was measured with the help of the sound-level meter at every workplace. All microclimatic indices were sometimes below or above exposure standards for indoor work. High levels of airborne dust and increased concentrations of lead were observed during repair work. Low concentrations of organic solvents in the air were determined when using paints and some synthetic substances. The noise level exceeded the permitted limit when an excavator and powerful electric appliances were used. A questionnaire determined the prevalence of subjectively experienced musculoskeletal strain in 30% of workers. The working conditions in the construction industry in Estonia are approaching European level. However, it is necessary to improve working conditions permanently by the use of new harmless materials, personal protective equipment, and through influencing worker health by permanent education and medical watch. We consider that questionnaires are very important in the control of the work environment, in subjective health assessments, and as a source of useful proposals to improve working conditions.

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Styrene Toxicity: An Ecotoxicological Assessment

Cited by 48 publications

References 64 publications

Polystyrene Microspheres as a Specific Marker for the Diagnosis of Aspiration in Hamsters

Polystyrene Microspheres as a Specific Marker for the Diagnosis of Aspiration in Hamsters

Changes in cellular immunity among workers occupationally exposed to styrene in a plastics lamination plant

Assessment of potential hazards during the process of house building in Estonia

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