Styrene butadiene rubber/epoxidized natural rubber/carbon filler nanocomposites: microstructural development and cure characterization

Khalifeh, Sara; Tavakoli, Mitra

doi:10.1007/s13726-019-00761-z

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Figure 3 represents the ATR–FTIR spectra of the silica/ENR50 compound after extraction, which is used to characterize the structural information of the surface organic components of the sample. As shown in Figure 3, 2963, 2925, and 2855 cm −1 , respectively represent the methyl asymmetrical stretching vibration, methylene asymmetrical stretching vibration, and the methylene symmetrical stretching vibration and 1252 and 870 cm −1 are attributed to respectively the symmetrical stretching vibration of epoxy ring and the asymmetrical stretching vibration of epoxy ring 34–37 . By comparing the spectra of silica and ENR, it is observed that new absorptions peak appears at 2855, 2925, 2963 cm −1 and the absorption peak at 870 and 1252 cm −1 disappears in the silica/ENR50 compound after extraction, means that the ENR molecular chain has been grafted to the surface of silica through the ring‐opening reaction between the epoxy group and the silicon hydroxyl group.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…As shown in Figure 3, 2963, 2925, and 2855 cm À1 , respectively represent the methyl asymmetrical stretching vibration, methylene asymmetrical stretching vibration, and the methylene symmetrical stretching vibration and 1252 and 870 cm À1 are attributed to respectively the symmetrical stretching vibration of epoxy ring and the asymmetrical stretching vibration of epoxy ring. [34][35][36][37] By comparing the spectra of silica and ENR, it is observed that new absorptions peak appears at 2855, 2925, 2963 cm À1 and the absorption peak at 870 and 1252 cm À1 disappears in the silica/ENR50 compound after extraction, means that the ENR molecular chain has been grafted to the surface of silica through the ring-opening reaction between the epoxy group and the silicon hydroxyl group. Meanwhile, with the increase of heat treatment temperature, the absorption peak area of the compound at 2963, 2925, and 2855 cm À1 gradually increases, indicating that the heat treatment temperature has a positive effect on the ENR-silica bonding.…”

Section: Ftir Analysis Of Silica/enr50 Compound After Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance enhancement of bio‐based rubber composites using epoxidized natural rubber for silica without carbon emissions and volatile organic compounds

Wang

Song

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Tire development tendency is green, environment-friendly, and safeguarding life and health. The conventional tires, consisting of solution polymerized styrene-butadiene rubbers (SSBR), silica, silane coupling agents, and other rubber additives, will not be able to keep up with the demand. SSBR, as a synthetic rubber processed from nonrenewable petroleum resources, creates a large amount of carbon emissions in the production process and the reaction between silica and silane coupling agents generates a large amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which is detrimental to the environment and human health. In this article, epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) with different epoxide degrees was successfully prepared and blended with natural rubber (NR)/silica composites to improve the dispersion of silica and the performance of nanocomposites. The effect of heat treatment temperature on the reaction between ENR and silica and the dynamic and static mechanical properties of ENR/NR/silica nanocomposites was investigated by mechanical properties test, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared. The results showed that the epoxy groups on the ENR molecular chain could react with the silanol on the surface of silica to form a strong chemical bond, which improved the dispersion of silica in the rubber matrix and further enhanced the performance of the rubber composites without carbon emission and VOCs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Ftir Analysis Of Silica/enr50 Compound After Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance enhancement of bio‐based rubber composites using epoxidized natural rubber for silica without carbon emissions and volatile organic compounds

Wang

Song

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The insertion of OIB-POSS into the SBR matrix was studied by FT-IR spectroscopy equipped with a diamond attenuated total reflection (ATR) instrument at room temperature. The FT-IR spectra of the reference and SBR/OIB-POSS-1 nanocomposite samples in nonvulcanized, vulcanized (V), and aged (A) steps are given in Figures 2 and 3 [ 7 , 20 , 23 ]. The complete disappearance of peak at 1638 cm −1 assigned to double bond of SBR matrix was the proof of the successful curing process (REF V).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of POSS nanoparticles on crosslinking of styrene-butadiene rubber nanocomposites

Açar¹,

Taşdelen²,

Karaağaç³

2023

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

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The effect of octaisobutyl-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OIB-POSS) as a nanosized reinforcement on the cure kinetics, crosslinking density, and mechanical properties of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) nanocomposites was examined in this study. For this purpose, SBR compounds with various OIB-POSS nanoparticle loadings at 1, 3, and 5 phr were prepared and their results were compared with a reference compound without OIB-POSS. When 1 phr of OIB-POSS was added to the rubber matrix, the elongation at break values and tensile strength of the corresponding nanocomposite increased by 24.1% and 29.2% compared to the reference sample, respectively. The presence of OIB-POSS nanoparticles and their random distribution in the SBR matrix was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The crosslinking density of nanocomposites was calculated by the Flory-Rehner method and a decrease was observed with the addition of OIB-POSS nanoparticles. In addition, thermal aging process as 70 °C for 70 h was applied to vulcanized samples. It was noted that the mechanical properties of SBR/OIB-POSS nanocomposites remarkably improved, whereas their crosslinking densities gradually decreased after thermal aging.

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“…[ 26 ] The reduction in T 10 and T 90 in the presence of BNNS and CNT is due to their high thermal conductivity, resulting in a more efficient transfer of heat throughout the matrix. [ 27 ] The acceleration of the vulcanization process is advantageous and contributes to the increase in productivity of rubber products made from the elastomeric nanocomposites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and thermal performances of styrene butadiene rubber nanocomposites with boron nitride nanosheets, carbon nanotubes, and the hybrid filler system

Hao

Xing

et al. 2022

Polymer Composites

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Preparation of rubber nanocomposites using two or more nanofillers with different geometries is a new and promising approach. In this work, the effects of boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS), carbon nanotubes (CNT) and their hybrid (BNNS-CNT) on the performances of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) nanocomposites are systematically studied. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites are significantly enhanced by the nanofillers. The tensile strength of unfilled SBR is only 1.30 ± 0.18 MPa, which increases to 1.72 ± 0.24 MPa (BNNS), 4.09 ± 0.35 MPa (CNT), and 3.37 ± 0.29 MPa (BNNS-CNT) at 4 phr, respectively. Similarly, the tear strength of unfilled SBR is 8.0 kN/m, which increases to 13.8 kN/m (BNNS), 16.1 kN/m (CNT) and 18.2 kN/m (BNNS-CNT) at 4 phr, respectively. Moreover, the thermal behavior of the nanocomposites are analyzed. Compared with single nanofiller BNNS or CNT, BNNS-CNT hybrid nanofiller not only effectively improves the mechanical properties of nanocomposites, but also imparts better thermal properties. It is proved that the thermal decomposition temperature of SBR/4phr BNNS-CNT is increased by nearly 7 C compared with unfilled SBR.

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Styrene butadiene rubber/epoxidized natural rubber/carbon filler nanocomposites: microstructural development and cure characterization

Cited by 8 publications

References 41 publications

Performance enhancement of bio‐based rubber composites using epoxidized natural rubber for silica without carbon emissions and volatile organic compounds

Performance enhancement of bio‐based rubber composites using epoxidized natural rubber for silica without carbon emissions and volatile organic compounds

The effect of POSS nanoparticles on crosslinking of styrene-butadiene rubber nanocomposites

Mechanical and thermal performances of styrene butadiene rubber nanocomposites with boron nitride nanosheets, carbon nanotubes, and the hybrid filler system

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