Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott Flower Extract Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Factors in the Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis Rat Model

Abstract

Introduction This research was to evaluate the beneficial effects of Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott flower extract (SJF) on the adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model. Methods Arthritis was evoked by injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) in the hind paw. SJF (150 or 300 mg/kg/day) or Celecoxib (5 mg/kg/day) were administered intragastrically from the 0th day to the 28th day. The arthritis symptoms (paw edema, arthritic scores, mechanical hyperalgesia, and thermal hyperalgesia), inflammation biomarkers (RT and CRP), related enzymes (MMP1 and MMP13), oxidative stress markers (CAT, SOD, GPx, and MDA), and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-1β) of SJF-treated CFA rats were evaluated. Results CFA rats exhibited severe arthritis symptoms, increased oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, SJF treatment relieving arthritis symptoms and restored body weight gain compared with those in the CFA group. SJF treatment decreased the levels of CRP, RF, MMP1, and MMP13 in the CFA group. Besides, SJF treatment increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and decreased the MDA content and inflammatory cytokines compared with those in the CFA group. Moreover, SJF could increase the mRNA expression of GPx-1 and CAT and inhibit the mRNA expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in the ankle tissue of CFA rats.

Evaluation of Antiarthritic and Antinociceptive Effects of Cedrol in a Rat Model of Arthritis

“…On the other hand, arthritis can cause chronic inflammatory pain. Moreover, chronic inflammatory pain is modeled via CFA attributed to provoke inflammatory cytokines, which sensitizes nociceptive neurons and reduces the pain threshold [ 31 ]. Previous studies have highlighted that sesquiterpenes show anti-inflammatory, antioxidant [ 32 ], and analgesic properties [ 33 ].…”

Dehydrozingerone Alleviates Hyperalgesia, Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Factors in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Arthritic Rats

“…Prevailing evidences have shown that these cytokines can instigate the infiltration of immune cells, thus leading to the release of matrix metalloproteinases that have been largely implicated in cartilage degradation in arthritis and osteoarthritis. 3 In addition, they can also activate NF-κB pathway, leading to further up-regulation in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, thus aggravating inflammatory cascade. 6 , 18 In RA, macrophages, immune cells and T cells can also instigate further production of TNF-α and IL-6, thus magnifying inflammation.…”

“…2 Several efforts have been made to decipher the etiology of RA, although still poorly understood, several critical factors including genetic and environmental factors, chronic inflammation, development of autoantibodies and oxidative stress are involved in the pathophysiology of RA. [3][4][5] RA etiology is very complex, and it involves several factors occurring simultaneously including disordered innate immunity, dysregulated cytokine networks, activation of osteoclast and chondrocyte activation, macrophage activation leading to the production of matrix metalloproteinases and pro-inflammatory cytokines and joint damage. Although there is no known cure for RA, however, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used in alleviating RA symptoms; unfortunately, these drugs cannot halt RA progression or protect against joint erosion.…”

“…6 However, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are relatively expensive and have several unpleasant side effects. 3,7 Like several other devastating diseases, alternative therapies, especially herbal therapies/natural compounds, have been employed by RA patients due to their perceived safety, effectiveness and availability. 7,8 Dehydrozingerone (DHZ) is a bioactive phenolic compound found in the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale.…”