Styling bilinguals: Analyzing structurally distinctive code-switching styles in Hong Kong

Chen, Khy

doi:10.1515/9783110346879.163

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The variation seen in this study (where all the interview guests were speaking to the same interviewer) is different from the related phenomenon of synchronic intra-individual CS reported previously, where a speaker varies his or her CS style (also called 'language mode' [Grosjean, 2001[Grosjean, , 2012 and 'layered code-switching' [Meeuwis & Blommaert, 1998]) based on the interlocutor (Gardner-Chloros, 1991; see also Chen, 2015), the situation of the interaction, the form, and the content of the message being uttered, or the function of the language act (Grosjean, 2012). We propose that the six strategies shown in Table 3 (and Figures 1 to 3) are stable ways (at least in the short-to medium-term) of mixing H and E for the speakers involved.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

“…On the contrary, Li's (1995) study on different patterns of Cantonese-English CS in the United Kingdom was based on abundant linguistic data, but grouped speakers together based on social categories or interlocutor type. Similarly, Chen (2015) found differences in Cantonese-English CS patterns between young locals and 'returnees' (people returning to Hong Kong after university studies in the United States), but the differences between individual speakers per se were not systematically investigated. Therefore, an important gap in the literature is a systematic, quantitative analysis of inter-individual patterns in CS, using naturalistic speech data, ideally collected in controlled or semi-controlled conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inter-individual differences in Hindi–English code-switching: A quantitative approach

Ellison

2022

International Journal of Bilingualism

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Aims and objectives: Variationist studies on code-switching (CS) have focused on community-level differences driven by variables such as age, ethnicity, and socio-economic status. Studies on inter-individual variation that make use of naturalistic speech need to be prioritised, especially in countries with large, diverse populations, such as India. This article presents a quantitative analysis of the Hindi–English CS (HECS) patterns among speakers of comparable socio-economic status and clusters them based on similarities in their CS strategies. Methodology: Television interviews of Hindi movie (Bollywood) personalities were transcribed and coded for Hindi and English lexemes. Bespoke software in Python was used to calculate five numerical indices to describe each speaker’s CS pattern. Data and analysis: The interviews from 28 speakers ranged between 20 and 40 minutes each. Cluster analysis was carried out in SPSS to produce a typology of CS strategies. Findings/conclusions: A total of six CS strategies were identified, with five being employed by both older and younger speakers and only one being used only by a single age group. Most CS strategies are therefore not age-specific. A number of hypothetical scenarios are presented, to demonstrate how individual CS strategies might change with time. Originality: This is the first study to systematically and quantitatively investigate inter-individual differences in HECS, using naturalistic speech in semi-controlled conditions. It is also the first to propose a typology of HECS strategies. Implications: There was significant variation in CS strategy even within the relatively homogeneous group of speakers investigated in this study. The overall variation in the whole of Hindi-speaking India must therefore be far greater. This suggests that certain predictions regarding the predictability of CS patterns from the contact situation (e.g., that postcolonial contexts result in insertional CS) may need to be refined.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-individual differences in Hindi–English code-switching: A quantitative approach

Ellison

2022

International Journal of Bilingualism

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Chapter 5. Beyond bilingualism

Yim

2023

Studies in Bilingualism

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Code-switching, the spontaneous switching from one language to another within a single speech event (Appel & Muysken, 1987), is essentially a linguistic concept derived from language contact research. The notion of bilingual code-switching has been far-reaching: it has been the topic du jour for decades in the field of sociolinguistics, it has been incorporated into cognitive studies to further the study of bilingualism, and it has been adopted into social psychological research from attitudes to identity. While each field has its own perspective of the concept and ways of operationalizing it into their respective methodologies, it remains necessary to have a well-rounded understanding of this linguistic concept and its definitions, constraints, and functions. An overview of the core ideas linked to code-switching will be explained, followed by a discussion of the studies that have incorporated the construct into cognitive bilingualism research and the social psychology of language. Finally, implications and future avenues for the study of code-switching and bilingualism will be discussed.

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Spreading language ideologies through social media: Enregistering the ‘fake ABC’ variety in Hong Kong

Chau

2021

Journal of Sociolinguistics

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This paper explores how language ideologies are disseminated on social media through examining the enregisterment of a pseudo-variety of language attributed to people in Hong Kong who are supposedly trying to act 'Western'.Comments from Facebook discussions about 'fake American-born Chinese' (fake ABC) are analyzed to identify the linguistic features people attribute to these speakers and how their attitudes towards these features reflect larger assumptions about language. The analysis shows how this pseudo-variety is enregistered through collaborative stylization and metalinguistic commentary by online commenters and how this enregisterment reinforces a range of language ideologies dominant in contemporary Hong Kong, including ideologies of 'standardness', linguistic purity and authenticity. The analysis not only traces these beliefs to long-standing conflicts within the society around such issues as race, gender, politics and national identity but also argues that language mocking practices on social media have become an important means through which ideologies are circulated and maintained.

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Styling bilinguals: Analyzing structurally distinctive code-switching styles in Hong Kong

Abstract: It doesn't matter how you deal with them, it doesn't matter who you are, keisat (actually) the way that you present yourself by lei go (your) language jiging beizo jatzung (already give people an) arrogant ge gamgok bei keoidei la

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Inter-individual differences in Hindi–English code-switching: A quantitative approach

Inter-individual differences in Hindi–English code-switching: A quantitative approach

Chapter 5. Beyond bilingualism

Spreading language ideologies through social media: Enregistering the ‘fake ABC’ variety in Hong Kong

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