Stylar ribonucleases in almond: correlation with and prediction of incompatibility genotypes

Bošković, R.; Tobutt, K. R.; Batlle, I.; Duval, Henri; Gómez, Pedro Martínez; Gradziel, Thomas M.

doi:10.1046/j.1439-0523.2003.00744.x

Cited by 43 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Similar results were obtained by Bošković et al ( 2003Bošković et al ( , 2007 who identifi ed major almond cultivar stylar S -RNases by electrophoresis in vertical polyacrylamide gels. PCR-based markers of almond self-incompatibility S -alleles have been employed to facilitate the integration of self-compatible S -alleles from related species .…”

Section: Integration Of New Biotechnologiessupporting

confidence: 82%

Almond

Alonso¹,

Kodad

Gradziel

2011

Fruit Breeding

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The almond is economically the most important tree nut in the world. Its production is limited to areas characterized by a Mediterranean climate, including regions in the Mediterranean countries, the Central Valley of California, the Middle East, Central Asia, the Himalayan slopes, and the Southern Hemisphere, including Chile, Argentina, South Africa, and Australia. The main production region in the world is the Central Valley of California. The cultivation of almond in the eastern Mediterranean area occurred as early as the second millennium BC. Selection for domesticated almond types favored sweet kernels and larger nut size among these wild populations. Traditional seed propagation resulted in extensive genetic variability due, in part, to the obligate out-crossing nature of the self-incompatible almond. Local cultivars and landraces were selected over centuries of almond growing and in the twentieth century breeding activities began. Currently, there is active almond breeding programs in Spain, France, the USA and Israel. Self-compatibility has become the main objective along with late blooming, frost tolerance, resistance to diseases, and tree architecture. Despite the diffi culties in defi ning a kernel quality ideotype due to the differences in consumer preferences, almond quality is currently an important breeding goal.

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Section: Integration Of New Biotechnologiessupporting

confidence: 82%

Almond

Alonso¹,

Kodad

Gradziel

2011

Fruit Breeding

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“…Those detected so far range from S1 to S23 (Boškovic ¢ et al, 2003); the potential number of S-alleles remains unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the S3 self-incompatibility allele in almond by specific primers

Alonso

2005

Span. j. agric. res.

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To date, the identification of the S 3 self-incompatibility allele in almond using PCR primers has been problematic, either because of its weak amplification in some allelic combinations, or because of a lack of polymorphism in comparison with the self-compatibility (S f ) allele. This paper describes the use of three new primers, one 'forward' (S3F) and two 'reverse' (S3R1 and S3R2), specifically designed to amplify the S 3 allele. Primers S3F and S3R1 were designed from the sequence of the second intron of this allele, while S3R2 was designed from the sequence upstream of the RC4 conserved region. Four primer combinations (S3F/S3R2, S3F/ConR, ConF/S3R1 and ConF/S3R2) satisfactorily amplified the S 3 allele. The use of consensus primers from the S-RNase intron sequences allows specific identification of the S-alleles, and indicates the expected size of the amplified fragment.Additional key words: PCR, Prunus amygdalus, S-allele, selection by molecular markers. Resumen Identificación del alelo S 3 de autoincompatibilidad en el almendro mediante cebadores específicosLa identificación del alelo S 3 de autoincompatibilidad en el almendro mediante los cebadores PCR existentes es problemática, ya sea por su débil amplificación en determinadas combinaciones alélicas o por la falta de polimorfismo con el alelo de autocompatibilidad (S f). Por ello, se diseñaron tres nuevos cebadores, uno 'directo' (S3F) y dos 'inversos' (S3R1 y S3R2) para la amplificación específica del alelo S 3. Los cebadores S3F y S3R1 se diseñaron a partir de la secuencia del segundo intrón de este alelo, mientras que el S3R2 se diseñó a partir de la secuencia previa a la región conservada RC4. Cuatro combinaciones de cebadores (S3F/S3R2, S3F/ConR, ConF/S3R1 y ConF/S3R2) mostraron una amplificación satisfactoria del alelo S 3. El uso de cebadores complementarios a las secuencias de los intrones de las S-RNasas permite la identificación específica de los alelos S y conocer previamente el tamaño del fragmento PCR amplificado.

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“…Per tant, es va considerar d'interès estudiar les cultivars mallorquines d'ametller presents a la col·lecció nacional de germoplasma ubicada al CITA (Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria) d'Aragó a Saragossa (Espiau et al, 2002). L'autocompatibilitat de l'ametller s'atribueix a la presència de l'al·lel S f (Socias i Company & Felipe, 1988), de manera que el producte que aquest al·lel codifica a l'estil no presenta l'activitat RNasa pròpia dels altres al·lels S (Bošković et al, 2003). L'al·lel S f s'ha seqüenciat i s'han dissenyat encebadors específics per a la seva detecció a partir del segon intró (Channuntapipat et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introduccióunclassified

Peculiaritats al·lèliques del locus <em>S</em> de les cultivars mallorquines d’ametller

2013

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AllElIC PECulIARITIES OF ThE S lOCuS OF ThE AlMOND CulTIvARS FROM MAjORCA.-The examination of the allelic diversity of the locus S in ten almond cultivars from Majorca has shown the presence of the S f allele in four of them, as well as the presence of five new alleles non identified so far. Although the S f allele has been described as responsible for the expression of self-compatibility in almond, it has been recently shown that this allele has two different phenotypic expressions. As a consequence, this allele cannot be always considered an index for self-compatibility of the genotypes harbouring it. The study of the four Majorcan cultivars possessing this allele has confirmed their selfincompatibility, showing that this allele is in its phenotypically active form, as it has been also observed in a group of cultivars from southern Italy, a fact possibly suggesting a connexion between these two Mediterranean almond populations.Key words: alleles; almond; Prunus amydgalus; S locus; self-compatibility. ResumenPECulIARIDADES AlélICAS DEl lOCuS S DE lOS CulTIvARES MAllORquINES DE AlMENDRO.-El examen de la diversidad alélica del locus S en diez cultivares mallorquines de almendro ha mostrado la presencia del alelo S f en cuatro de ellos, así como la presencia de cinco nuevos alelos no identificados hasta ahora. Aunque el alelo S f se ha descrito como responsable de la expresión de la autocompatibilidad del almendro, recientemente se ha descubierto que tiene dos expresiones fenotípicas diferentes, por lo que no siempre se puede considerar un índice de la autocompatibilidad de los genotipos que lo presentan. El estudio de los cuatro cultivares mallorquines que presentan este alelo ha confirmado su autoincompatibilidad, de manera que este alelo se expresa en estos cultivares en su forma fenotípicamente activa, como también se ha comprobado en un grupo de cultivares del sur de Italia, lo que podría indicar una conexión entre estas dos poblaciones mediterráneas de almendro.Palabras clave: alelos; almendro; autocompatibilidad; locus S; Prunus amygdalus. Resum PECulIARITATS Al·lèlIquES DEl lOCuS S DE lES CulTIvARS MAllORquINES D'AMETllER.-L'examen de la diversitat al·lèlica del locus S en deu cultivars mallorquines d'ametller ha mostrat la presència de l'al·lel S f en quatre, així com la presència de cinc al·lels nous fins ara no identificats. Encara que l'al·lel S f s'ha descrit com a responsable de l'expressió de l'autocompatibilitat de l'ametller, fa poc que s'ha descobert que té dues expressions fenotípiques diferents, pel que no sempre es pot considerar un índex de l'autocompatibilitat dels genotips que el tenen. L'estudi de les quatre cultivars mallorquines que presenten aquest al·lel ha confirmat la seva autoincompatibilitat, de manera que aquest al·lel s'hi expressa en la seva forma fenotípicament activa, com també s'ha comprovat en un grup de cultivars del sud d'Itàlia, fet que podria indicar una connexió entre aquestes dues poblacions mediterrànies d'ametller.

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Stylar ribonucleases in almond: correlation with and prediction of incompatibility genotypes

Cited by 43 publications

References 10 publications

Almond

Almond

Identification of the S3 self-incompatibility allele in almond by specific primers

Peculiaritats al·lèliques del locus <em>S</em> de les cultivars mallorquines d’ametller

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