Stunting Among Under 5-Year-Olds in Nepal: Trends and Risk Factors

Budhathoki, Shyam Sundar; Bhandari, Amit; Gurung, Rejina; Gurung, Abhishek; Ashish, K C

doi:10.1007/s10995-019-02817-1

Cited by 34 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…(34) Another retrospective study analyzing NDHS data also reported higher odds of stunting among babies born to poorer families than those born to wealthier families (AOR 1.51, 95% CI 1.23-1.87). (35) The present study showed that children > 11 months are a strong predictor of stunting and underweight (Table 3 and 4). A community-based cross-sectional study that examined factors associated with underweight among under-ve children in Eastern Nepal reported that children who were > 24 months of age were more likely to be underweight than children <24 months (OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.6-4.7).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Planning of Births and Childhood Undernutrition in Nepal: Evidence from a 2016 National Survey

Tiwari

Acharya²,

Paudel

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Childhood undernutrition is a significant public health issue in low-and middle-income countries, including Nepal. However, there is limited evidence showing the association between the planning of birth (PoB) and childhood undernutrition (stunting and underweight). We aim to investigate the relationship between PoB and childhood undernutrition in the current study. Methods We used the Nepal Demographic Health Survey 2016 data, which is a nationally representative cross-sectional household survey. We used two common anthropometric indicators of childhood undernutrition as the outcome of this study. PoB is the main predictor of interest. Binary logistic regression with sampling weights was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals to examine the association between the PoB and childhood undernutrition. Results The overall prevalence of stunting was 35.8%, and underweight was 27.1% in under-five children in Nepal. We found a higher rate of stunting (52.7%) and underweight (41.1%) in children with birth order > 3 and < 2 years of interval between birth and subsequent birth (IBBSB). The association between the birth order of children and the prevalence of undernutrition had strong statistical significance (p < 0.001). Mother’s age at marriage (p = 0.001), underweight mother (p < 0.001), mother’s education (p < 0.001), father’s education (p < 0.001), wealth quintile (p < 0.001), no exposure to mass media (p < 0.001), children’s age (p < 0.001), area of residence(p = 0.001) were significantly associated with childhood undernutrition. The result of the multiple logistic regression showed that children with birth order one and 12–24 months of interval between marriage and first birth (IBMFB) had significantly decreased odds of stunting as compared to those children with birth order one and < 12 months of IBMFB (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4–0.9). Conclusion The findings of the study demonstrate that PoB has a protective effect on childhood undernutrition. Delaying of childbirth until 12–24 months after marriage was found to be associated with reduced odds of childhood stunting. To mitigate childhood undernutrition, Nepal’s government needs to promote delayed childbearing after marriage while focusing on uplifting the household economics status and wide coverage of and utilization of mass media.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Planning of Births and Childhood Undernutrition in Nepal: Evidence from a 2016 National Survey

Tiwari

Acharya²,

Paudel

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The greater contribution of this study is not whether there are inequalities between rural and urban areas, as for over 70 years these are indeniable in Colombia. The evidences are shown in all countries in the region, including Brazil 32 and other low-income countries 33 . Its greatest contribution is to establish a set of variables expressing the edges of development in Colombia, factors that currently affect the nutrition situation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…El mayor aporte de este estudio no es sobre si existen desigualdades entre lo rural y lo urbano, pues hace más de 70 años para el caso colombiano son innegables. La evidencia sigue vigente en todos los países de la región, incluido Brasil 32 y otros de ingresos bajos 33 . El mayor aporte es que estableció de un conjunto de variables que expresan aristas del desarrollo en Colombia, dos relevantes que hoy influyen más sobre el estado de nutrición.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Nutrition gap in children, urban-rural

2020

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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the nutritional situation of children under five years old from both urban and rural areas of Colombia. METHOD: Analytical study, based on cross-sectional data, collected from ENSIN-2015. The sample consisted of 12,256 children aged between 0 and 4 years old. We calculated the prevalence ratios (PR) with their respective 95% confidence interval (95%CI). PR were assessed by binomial regression models with malnutrition or overweight as the dependent variable and geographic area as the explanatory variable. We used context variables to adjust the estimated PR and control the confounder within. RESULTS: Acute malnutrition (weight-for-height) had a prevalence of 1.6%, while overweight had a 5.6% rate. No differences per geographic zone in the weight-for-height indicator were found. Stunted growth – chronic malnutrition – was higher in the rural area (PR = 1.2; 95%CI 1–1.53; p = 0.050). Prevalences adjusted by variables related to structural, social and economic developement showed that both the household chief’s educational level and the food insecurity of the area account for malnutrition. CONCLUSION: The height-for-age indicator works better to establish development level. Measures against coverage, relevance and quality of education and access to food can harm the nutritional status of the children.

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“…The decrement in body nutrients stores among mothers who have previously delivered as compared to those who have never delivered a baby before explains the association between parity and congenital birth defects [30]. Women in Nepal have micro-nutrient de ciency and poor nutrition status, more than one birth will deplete the micro-nutrient store [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burden and consequence of birth defects in Nepal-evidence from prospective observational study

Paudel

Sunny²,

Gurung³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background-Every year an estimated 7.9 million babies are born with birth defects. Of these, more than 3 million die and a further 3.2 million suffer from a disability. In order to address this, countries require data to enable better resource allocation for prevention, management and rehabilitation of babies born with birth defects. This paper contributes to this evidence base, assessing the prevalence of birth defects, associated risk factors and health consequences in Nepal. Method-This is a prospective observational study conducted in 12 hospitals in Nepal for 18 months. All the women who delivered in the hospitals during the study period were enrolled. Independent researchers collected social and demographic data using semi-structured questionnaires at the time of discharge. Clinical events and birth outcome information were extracted from clinical case notes. Data were analysed to determine the prevalence and type of birth defect. Logistic regression was performed to assess risk factors and health outcomes of babies born with a birth defect. Results-Among the total 87,242 livebirths, the prevalence of birth defects was found to be 5.8 per 1000 live births. The most common birth defects observed were anencephaly (3.95%), cleft lip (2.77%), cleft lip and palate (6.13%), clubfeet (3.95%), eye abnormalities (3.95%) and meningomyelocele (3.36%). The odds of having a baby with a birth defect was higher for mothers younger than 20 years (adjusted Odds ratio (aOR) 1.64; 95% CI, 1.18-2.28) and those from disadvantaged ethnicity (aOR 1.78; 95% CI, 1.46-2.18). The odds of birth asphyxia was almost double for babies with birth defect (aOR 1.88; 95% CI, 1.41-2.51) when compared to babies without a birth defect. The odds of neonatal infection was nearly double for babies with birth defect (aOR 1.82; 95% CI, 1.12-2.96) compared to babies without a defect. Babies with a birth defect had three-fold risk of pre-discharge mortality (aOR 3.00; 95% CI, 1.93-4.69). Conclusion- Babies with birth defect have a higher risk of birth asphyxia, neonatal infection and pre-discharge mortality at birth. A portion of birth defect could have been prevented through micro-nutrient supplementation, a portion can be managed through surgery and rehabilitation. Funding-Swedish Research Council (VR)

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Stunting Among Under 5-Year-Olds in Nepal: Trends and Risk Factors

Cited by 34 publications

References 33 publications

Planning of Births and Childhood Undernutrition in Nepal: Evidence from a 2016 National Survey

Planning of Births and Childhood Undernutrition in Nepal: Evidence from a 2016 National Survey

Nutrition gap in children, urban-rural

Burden and consequence of birth defects in Nepal-evidence from prospective observational study

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