Stunting, a linear growth anomaly in under-five year (U5) children: A risk factors’ analysis from maternal, household and individual background in Indian context

Das, Partha; Das, Tanu; Roy, Tamal Basu

doi:10.1007/s12187-021-09898-x

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…It indicates that children's height rapidly decreased from the time of birth to 23 months; however, stunting processes continued after 23 months, but at a considerably slower rate. This might be due to weaning and decreased breast milk intake and not enough supplementary dietary intakes in terms of frequency and variety which predisposes them to childhood stunting [ 15 ]. According to the study's findings, stunting in children under the age of five is strongly influenced according to child's sex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies conducted in India at the national and sub-national levels have provided shreds of evidence that a number of factors were associated with childhood stunting. The underlying risk factors which are identified as dominant factors shaping childhood stunting phenomena are the age of the child, male gender [ 6 ], higher birth order [ 7 , 8 ], severe anemia level [ 9 ], delayed introduction of breastfeeding [ 10 ], small child size at birth [ 11 ], unsafe stool disposal practice of child [ 12 ], lower maternal age [ 13 ], lesser maternal education [ 14 , 15 ], maternal underweight [ 13 , 16 ], not attending recommended antenatal care visits [ 17 ], maternal short height [ 18 ]. Concerning, socio-economic & environmental factors which are comprised with rural setting of residence [ 19 ], the Muslim contextual, backward castes [ 20 ], households with lower income [ 21 ], inadequate or no toilet facilities, unimproved drinking water sources [ 22 ] and are highly associated with childhood stunting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, stunting has a strong association with socio-economic & environmental factors of children, as children from low-income families are more likely to be stunted due to lack of improved defecation places, taking unsafe drinking water, as compared to high-income families [ 22 , 25 , 26 ]. Children who have been failure to achieve the ideal height due to linear growth anomaly would ultimately have less working capacity in the near future and lose their capability to work in contrast to other people [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analyzing determinants from both compositional and contextual level impeding desired linear growth of children in Indian context

Roy

Das

et al. 2023

BMC Nutr

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Childhood stunting is recognized as significant public health concern in India. It is a form of malnutrition with impaired linear growth and creates a range of adversaries among children, including under-5 mortality, morbidity, and physical and cognitive growth. The purpose of the present study was to recognize the various leading determinants causing childhood stunting from both individual and contextual level in Indian context. Data were obtained from the India’s Demography and Health Survey (DHS) conducted in 2019–2021. A total of 1, 46,521 children aged 0–59 months were included in this present study. The study applied a multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression model in which individual factors nested within community based contextual-level factors estimating the likelihood of childhood stunting phenomena among Indian children. The variance explained in full model accounted for about 35.8% of the odds of stunting across the communities. The present study elucidates that the recognized factors from individual level characteristics have really increased the odds of childhood stunting: gender of child, multiple births, low birth weight, low BMI among mothers, less educational attainment by mothers, maternal anemic status, breast feeding duration longer than usual, < 4 antenatal care (ANC) visits during gestation period. Similarly, contextual-level factors like rural places of residence, western Indian children, and communities with high poverty rates, lower literacy rates, improper sanitation, and unsafe drinking water were also found to have a significant positive association with childhood stunting. The study finally concludes that cross level interaction between individual and contextual-level factors are identified as significant determinants of linear growth retardation among child in India. In order to reduce this type of malnutrition among the child one should more concentrate on both individual and contextual-level factors as a notable reasons.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analyzing determinants from both compositional and contextual level impeding desired linear growth of children in Indian context

Roy

Das

et al. 2023

BMC Nutr

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“…Worldwide, approximately 165 million children under the age of 5 are stunted, and outcomes associated with dwarfism include increased risk of death, increased risk of disease, developmental delay, decreased school performance and learning, and decreased child productivity life processes. 93 It is recognized that the brain develops rapidly at a young age; however, malnutrition at this stage disrupts sleeping and makes the child tired of the whole day at school. 94 However, without adequate nutrients, the brain does not develop properly, which has long-term effects on learning.…”

Section: Malnutrition and School Feeding In Ethiopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality and Nutrient Loss in the Cooking Vegetable and Its Implications for Food and Nutrition Security in Ethiopia: A Review

Gelaye¹

2023

NDS

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Africans are leaving a period of increased unpredictability of new and emerging crises, from the pandemic to war and climate catastrophes. Only if we invest in boosting our capacity to respond to various crises will Africans be able to survive and thrive. Ethiopia is pursuing diversification of its food and nutrition security. However, preparation and consumption problems contribute to a health risk linked to malnutrition. Thus, the purpose of this review is to scrutinize preparation methods, evaluate nutrient losses, and outline future agendas. Vegetable preparation is neglected in Ethiopia, and the methods, cooking standards, and nutrient loss are all not identified. Likewise, the health risks and fate of malnutrition in the country are increasing extraordinarily. Ethiopian traditions of vegetable cooking are not supported by technology, food makers are not equipped with training, and the government is not concerned about the problems. Vitamins and minerals are entirely lost from vegetables during the cooking process, leading to the development of health risks such as stunting, wasting, and underweight problems. The government does not monitor, check, and evaluate cooked vegetables. Hence, Ethiopia should set cooking standards, and of all methods scrutinized, 2-5 minutes (leafy), 5-10 minutes (roots and tubers), and 3-8 minutes (stem) are recommended by many scholars as the standard for cooking vegetables.

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“…stunting is defined as height for age Z (HAZ) scores below the -2 Z-score value 4 . Stunting occurs when a kid is short for their age, mainly as a result of malnutrition, frequent illnesses, and a lack of social interaction.…”

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confidence: 99%

Determinants of Stunting among Children Under Five Years of Age: Evidence from Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey

Aslam¹,

Saleem²,

Nazir³

et al. 2023

PJMHS

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Aim: To determine the factors that influence the stunting level of children under the age of five years in Pakistan. Methods: This study was conducted using Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2017-2018 during 2020-2021.The response variable comprised two categories: stunted and not stunted. In this study the demographic and socioeconomic factors affecting stunting are region, birthplace, preceding birth interval, women's education level, husband\partner`s education level, women's age, breast feeding, size of child at birth, total child ever born, type of place of residence, frequency of listening to the radio, sources of drinking facilities, and antenatal visits. A binary logistic regression model was applied to access the relationship between stunting with potential demographic and socioeconomic factors. Results: The binary logistic regression model identified that the significant factors for stunting of children in the regions of Pakistan are: Punjab (OR=.311, CI; 0.104, 0.934),KPK(OR=0.278,CI; 0.091,0.853), mother education(secondary OR=2.671,CI; 1.025,6.959),father education (Secondary OR=0.370, CI;0.146, 0.938),breastfeeding (1-year OR=0.197, CI; 0.056,0.689), child size (larger than average OR=0.113, CI; 0.020,0.646) and (average OR=0.212, CI;0.047,0.962). Practical implication: Identifying the determinants of stunting can lead to improved health outcomes for children, including reduced mortality rates, better cognitive development, and improved physical growth. Conclusion: This study discovered that stunting in Pakistan can be reduced by improving the education level of parents, proper breastfeeding, and proper diet during pregnancy duration. Keywords: Stunting, Binary logistic model, children, parent’s education

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Stunting, a linear growth anomaly in under-five year (U5) children: A risk factors’ analysis from maternal, household and individual background in Indian context

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Analyzing determinants from both compositional and contextual level impeding desired linear growth of children in Indian context

Analyzing determinants from both compositional and contextual level impeding desired linear growth of children in Indian context

Quality and Nutrient Loss in the Cooking Vegetable and Its Implications for Food and Nutrition Security in Ethiopia: A Review

Determinants of Stunting among Children Under Five Years of Age: Evidence from Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey

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