Studying variations of muon flux on the Earth’s surface, based on muon hodoscope data during nonstationary atmospheric processes

A combined analysis of geomagnetic data and cosmic ray secondaries for the September 2017 space weather event studies

“…Thereafter, to understand the Sun-Earth environment evolution, the variations of the geomagnetic field need also to be understood, e.g. [Mandea and Purucker, 2018].…”

“…Muon diagnostics of the near-Earth space is a modern technology applied in various problems of cosmic ray physics, ionospheric and geomagnetic studies. URAGAN is a wide-aperture, large-area multilayered muon hodoscope [Barbashina et al, 2008], which was designed for studying various phenomena in the circumterrestrial space and, in particular, in the Earth's atmosphere Mikhaylenko et al, 2011] and magnetosphere [Astapov et al, 2017], that cause variations in the muon flux at the ground level. The hodoscope provides recording of the muon flux intensity from different azimuthal directions (0 ∘ -360 ∘ ) and zenith angles (0 ∘ -80 ∘ ) with a high degree of spatial and angular accuracies (1 cm and 1 ∘ , respectively) [Barbashina et al, 2008].…”

“…The first local extremum of reached 8− at the end of 7 September; after that decreased to its minimal value 0o on 9 September between 18:00 and 21:00. According to the 5-level classification scale based on the index [Loewe and Prölss, 1997], this storm was classified as "strong", as the minimum level was −142.…”