Studying the Role of Vasopressin Hormone, Endothelin-1, and Serum Albumin During Progressive Age in Hypertensive Men

Abstract

Background: Vasopressin (AVP) hormone and total serum protein (including albumin) change during the progressive age in hypertensive men and are associated with cytokines release (endothelin-1 (ET-1)), leading to many renal and cardiovascular disorders. Aim: This study is to investigate AVP, ET-1, total protein, and serum albumin levels in various ages of hypertensive men to provide insights into the effects of aging and high blood pressure. Methods: The levels of AVP, ET-1, total protein, and serum albumin were compared in 80 hypertensive men as they aged, divided into four groups (20 men/group) based on their ages ranging from 30 to 69 years. The first group consisted of men aged 30-39 years, the second group included men aged 40-49 years, the third group had men aged 50-59 years, and the fourth group had men aged 60-69. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data, followed by Duncan s test for the groups. Results: AVP increased significantly (p ≤ 0.01) in different groups, except the fourth group against the third group. High levels of ET-1 were released significantly (p ≤ 0.01) in different groups except in the third group vs. the second group. Both serum albumin and total protein reduced significantly (p ≤ 0.01) in different groups (with some exceptions). Discussion: The physiological impact of these results was discussed according to the effects of hypertension and advanced age on the studied parameters; particularly, AVP increment and high levels of ET-1 indicated an evident dysfunction in blood pressure regulation during advanced age. Conclusions: High levels of AVP hormone and its ability to constrictions of blood vessels and reabsorption of Na and water might be indicated as continuous and maintenance hypertension during advanced age. High levels of ET-1 detection might be pointed to a low-grade inflammation during hypertension and advanced age.