Studying the heterogeneous pathogenesis of canine diabetes: Observational characterization of an island population

Brito‐Casillas, Yeray; Melián, Carlos; Holder, Angela; Wiebe, Julia C.; Navarro, Angel; Quesada‐Canales, Óscar; Expósito-Montesdeoca, Ana B; Catchpole, Briän; Wägner, Ana M.

doi:10.1002/vms3.452

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Another important etiology of DM is disease of the exocrine pancreas. Histopathologic evidence of acute pancreatitis has been reported in up to a third of diabetic dogs 35,36 . The dog in this study had eaten table foods in the 2 weeks before onset of clinical signs and presentation to his veterinarian, which is a risk factor for pancreatitis in dogs 37 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Spontaneous remission and relapse of diabetes mellitus in a male dog

Rak,

Gilor,

Niessen

et al. 2024

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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An 8‐year‐old male neutered Miniature Schnauzer was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus based on fasting hyperglycemia and glucosuria after a 2‐week history of polydipsia and periuria, in line with the Agreeing Language in Veterinary Endocrinology consensus definition. Treatment of insulin and dietary management was initiated. The insulin dose was gradually reduced and eventually discontinued over the next year based on spot blood glucose concentrations that revealed euglycemia or hypoglycemia. After discontinuation, the dog remained free of clinical signs for 1 year until it was again presented for polyuria/polydipsia with fasting hyperglycemia and glucosuria. Insulin therapy was resumed and continued for the remainder of the dog's life. Although diabetic remission often occurs in cats and humans, the presumed etiopathogenesis of pancreatic beta cell loss makes remission rare in dogs, except for cases occurring with diestrus or pregnancy. This case demonstrates that diabetic remission is possible in dogs, even in cases without an identifiable reversible trigger.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Spontaneous remission and relapse of diabetes mellitus in a male dog

Rak,

Gilor,

Niessen

et al. 2024

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…[17][18][19][20] Given inconsistent evidence of beta-cell autoimmunity in dogs with DM, the need for early detection of dogs with DM for the purpose of introducing similar therapeutics is questionable. [21][22][23][24][25][26] Although currently available therapeutic options directed at prevention of DM progression might not be applicable to dogs at this time, there is still value in early identification of dogs with DM. 23 Early identification of dogs with DM before there is a need for exogenous insulin treatment could facilitate the study of the pathophysiology of DM in dogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical trials examining various immunotherapies directed at preventing disease progression, including anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibodies, have reported some encouraging and other unsuccessful results 17‐20 . Given inconsistent evidence of beta‐cell autoimmunity in dogs with DM, the need for early detection of dogs with DM for the purpose of introducing similar therapeutics is questionable 21‐26 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a requirement for exogenous insulin treatment in dogs with hyperglycemia

DiNinni,

Hess

2024

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundIt has been suggested that overt diabetes mellitus in dogs be defined based on a persistent fasting blood glucose concentration (BGC) >144 mg/dL.ObjectiveDetermine the number of dogs with randomly identified hyperglycemia without insulin‐treated diabetes mellitus (ITDM) that later develop a need for exogenous insulin treatment.AnimalsA total of 1318 dogs examined at a university teaching hospital without ITDM and with randomly identified hyperglycemia.MethodsRetrospective longitudinal study. Hyperglycemia was defined as randomly identified BGC above >112 mg/dL, moderate hyperglycemia as BGC >144 mg/dL but <200 mg/dL and pronounced hyperglycemia as BGC ≥200 mg/dL. Dogs were defined as having ITDM if they were treated with insulin. Follow‐up was attempted 7 to 12 years after hyperglycemia was documented to determine if over time dogs developed a need for exogenous insulin treatment.ResultsTwenty‐nine of 824 dogs (3.5%) with hyperglycemia and follow‐up information developed ITDM, including 3/824 dogs (0.4%) with moderate hyperglycemia, and 2/824 dogs (0.2%) with pronounced hyperglycemia. Most dogs with hyperglycemia that developed ITDM (24/29, 83%) had BGC ≤144 mg/dL. Among dogs that eventually developed a need for exogenous insulin treatment, no association was found between the degree of hyperglycemia and the time interval between documentation of hyperglycemia and diagnosis of ITDM. Logistic regression determined that BGC is not significantly associated with ITDM.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceMost dogs with randomly identified hyperglycemia did not develop a need for exogenous insulin treatment. Other criteria could be required to augment the definition of overt DM in non‐insulin treated dogs.

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“…Evidence for an immune-mediated aetiology has been published, 1 but many CDM cases do not show an autoimmune aetiology. 2,3 The picture is probably multifactorial (Fig 1), involving both beta-cell-related disorders (insulindeficient CDM) and peripheral insulin resistance (insulin-resistant CDM). 1,4 Both conditions seem to be the result of complex genetic factors and environmental interactions.…”

Section: áLan Gomes Pöpplmentioning

confidence: 99%