Studying the Epidemiology of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Screening Method and Pilot Results

Rowland, Andrew S.; Umbach, David M.; Catoe, Karen E.; Stallone, Lil; Long, Stuart; Rabiner, David L.; Naftel, Albert J.; Panke, Debra; Faulk, Richard; Sandler, Dale P.

doi:10.1177/070674370104601005

Cited by 86 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Differences in prevalence between different racial and ethnic groups have not been adequately examined in population-based studies; additional research is needed. Preliminary data from a North Carolina study suggest little difference in the history of ADHD diagnosis between African-American and white children but more substantial racial differences in medication treatment patterns [Rowland et al, 2001;. In that study, 8% of white elementary school children were being treated for ADHD with medication compared to 5% of African-American children and 2% of Hispanic children [Rowland et al, 2002].…”

Section: Prevalence Of Adhdmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…This may represent only part of the problem because medication treatment is usually less effective in real world settings than it is in clinical trials where compliance and side-effects are carefully monitored. For example, a North Carolina study reported that over a third of the children receiving ADHD medication treatment showed six or more symptoms of ADHD and impairment at school [Rowland et al, 2001]. Further, medication alone often does not normalize behavior.…”

Section: Adhd As a Public Health Concernmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The epidemiology of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A public health view

Rowland

Lesesne

Abramowitz

2002

Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev.

390

275

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood. However, basic information about how the prevalence of ADHD varies by race/ethnicity, sex, age, and socio-economic status remains poorly described. One reason is that difficulties in the diagnosis of ADHD have translated into difficulties developing an adequate case definition for epidemiologic studies. Diagnosis depends heavily on parent and teacher reports; no laboratory tests reliably predict ADHD. Prevalence estimates of ADHD are sensitive to who is asked what, and how information is combined. Consequently, recent systematic reviews report ADHD prevalence estimates as wide as 2%-18%. The diagnosis of ADHD is complicated by the frequent occurrence of comorbid conditions such as learning disability, conduct disorder, and anxiety disorder. Symptoms of these conditions may also mimic ADHD. Nevertheless, we suggest that developing an adequate epidemiologic case definition based on current diagnostic criteria is possible and is a prerequisite for further developing the epidemiology of ADHD. The etiology of ADHD is not known but recent studies suggest both a strong genetic link as well as environmental factors such as history of preterm delivery and perhaps, maternal smoking during pregnancy. Children and teenagers with ADHD use health and mental health services more often than their peers and engage in more health threatening behaviors such as smoking, and alcohol and substance abuse. Better methods are needed for monitoring the prevalence and understanding the public health implications of ADHD. Stimulant medication is the treatment of choice for treating ADHD but psychosocial interventions may also be warranted if comordid disorders are present. The treatment of ADHD is controversial because of the high prevalence of medication treatment. Epidemiologic studies could clarify whether the patterns of ADHD diagnosis and treatment in community settings is appropriate. Population-based epidemiologic studies may shed important new light on how we understand ADHD, its natural history, its treatment and its consequences.

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Section: Prevalence Of Adhdmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Adhd As a Public Health Concernmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A public health view

Rowland

Lesesne

Abramowitz

2002

Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev.

390

275

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although the DSM IV age criterion to establish the diagnosis is 7 years, new studies are reporting patients with diagnosis done after 7 years, in particular those cases exhibiting the inattentive type. 72 Associated limitations involve the presence of comorbid and underlying conditions that mimic in part ADHD, especially in studies us- Modified from DSM IV. 22 ing rating scales or structured diagnostic interviews, rather than clinician-based semistructured interviews.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Complex phenotype, simple genotype?

Acosta

Arcos‐Burgos

Muenke

2004

Genetics in Medicine

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Complex genetic traits refer to those phenotypes not fitting patterns of Mendelian segregation and/or assortment but exhibiting a preferential familial clustering that cannot be explained by cultural or environmental causes.Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood and probably the most controversial. ADHD has been considered a complex genetic trait based upon the absence of a clear-cut boundary between affected and unaffected status. Furthermore, its high comorbidity with other disorders strongly suggests complex epistatic or pleiotropic effects acting in common with the environmental influences. This implies that the same gene or genes is or are associated with different and concurrently occurring phenotypes. In this study, we will review clinical and epidemiological aspects related to the ADHD phenotype, which are considered either as categorical or continuous traits. We also will discuss genetic models underlying the complexity of this behavioral phenotype and the probable role of epistatic interactions between major genes contributing to the ADHD phenotype. Genet Med 2004:6(1):1-15.

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“…Consequently, reports of ADHD prevalence may provide estimates as wide as 2-18% [Rowland et al, 2001]. A large cohort study recently estimated the prevalence of 'definite' ADHD among US children to be 7.4%, but when 'probable' and 'questionable' cases were included the estimate became 16.0% [Barbaresi et al, 2002].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder a Risk Factor for Dental Caries?

Broadbent

Ayers²,

Thomson³

2003

Caries Res

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Experience in practice has suggested that children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) tend to have higher numbers of diseased, missing and filled teeth (DMFT score) than children without the condition. To date, however, this impression has not been systematically investigated. A case-control study of children in Otago, New Zealand (case DMFT ≧ 5; control DMFT <5; case status determined from School Dental Service dental records) was conducted by postal survey and reference to the School Dental Service records. Cases and controls were matched on age, sex, ethnicity, and school socio-economic status. The purpose of the study was to assess whether having ADHD was associated with higher odds of having high caries experience. Questionnaires were returned for a total of 128 case-control pairs. Conditional logistical regression analysis showed that, after controlling for fluoride history, medical problems, diet, and self-reported oral hygiene, children with ADHD had nearly 12 times the odds of having a high DMFT score than children who did not have ADHD (OR = 11.98; 95% CI 1.13, 91.81). No other factors were significant predictors. Dental practitioners and parents should consider ADHD to be a condition that may affect children’s dental caries experience.

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Studying the Epidemiology of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Screening Method and Pilot Results

Cited by 86 publications

References 36 publications

The epidemiology of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A public health view

The epidemiology of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A public health view

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Complex phenotype, simple genotype?

Is Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder a Risk Factor for Dental Caries?

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