Studying structural, magnetic and morphological features of electrochemically fabricated thin films of Co–Ni–Fe with different Fe compositions

Saraç, Umut; Baykul, M. Celalettin

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2021.138901

Cited by 9 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The resul from the magnetic analysis are collected in Table 1. Although all samples exhi romagnetic behavior with a magnetic hardness being between soft [3,17,21,22,24,55,65], the Co contents played a significant role in the coercive coercive field increased considerably from 36 to 121 Oe as the Co contents in th increased from 33 to 61 wt.%. Increasing the content of Co leads to increased tion, increasing the size of the crystal nuclei (magnetic domain) leading to an the coercive field of the material, which is shown in Figure 7.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The results obtained from the magnetic analysis are collected in Table 1. Although all samples exhibited a ferromagnetic behavior with a magnetic hardness being between soft and hard [3,17,21,22,24,55,65], the Co contents played a significant role in the coercive field. The coercive field increased considerably from 36 to 121 Oe as the Co contents in the samples increased from 33 to 61 wt.%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…With the experimental method, the authors have successfully studied the effects of Fe ion concentration in the PS. Furthermore, the deposition potential applied during electroplating process on the chemical composition, some physical properties, and magnetic characteristics of ternary ferromagnetic thin film samples were investigated [21,24]. These experimental studies clearly demonstrated that the surface performance, magnetic and structural characteristics were affected significantly by the deposit composition caused by the variation of the electroplating parameters [21,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…It is well known that ternary ferromagnetic alloy films are interesting soft magnetic materials due to their high saturation magnetization and low coercive field [4,6]. The conducted studies showed that the Fe, Ni, and Co components in binary Ni-Co, Ni-Fe and Fe-Cu and ternary Ni-Co-Cu, Ni-Fe-Cu, Co-Fe-Cu and Fe-Co-Ni magnetic materials grew by the electrochemical deposition technique on Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) covered glass substrates which can be tuned by controlling the Fe, Ni and Co ion concentrations in the Plating Solutions (PSs), respectively [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. However, the relative compositions of Co and Fe components in the samples were found be higher than those in the PSs for different electroplating parameters [6,13,14,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], which is in good agreement with the definition defined by Brenner [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the deposition potential applied during electroplating process on the chemical composition, some physical properties, and magnetic characteristics of ternary ferromagnetic thin film samples were investigated [21,24]. These experimental studies clearly demonstrated that the surface performance, magnetic and structural characteristics were affected significantly by the deposit composition caused by the variation of the electroplating parameters [21,24]. On the other hand, in a former study, Fe-Co-Ni deposits were electrochemically manufactured on titanium sheets from a chloride-sulfate-tartaric acid medium at different Co 2+ /Ni 2+ ion ratios [46].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Deposition of Fe–Co–Ni Samples with Different Co Contents and Characterization of Their Microstructural and Magnetic Properties

et al. 2022

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In this study, to explore the effect of Co contents on the electroplated Fe–Co–Ni samples, three different Fe–Co33–Ni62, Fe–Co43–Ni53, and Fe–Co61–Ni36 samples were electrochemically grown from Plating Solutions (PSs) containing different amounts of Co ions on indium tin oxide substrates. Compositional analysis showed that an increase in the Co ion concentration in the PS gives rise to an increment in the weight fraction of Co in the sample. In all samples, the co–deposition characteristic was described as anomalous. The samples exhibited a predominant reflection from the (111) plane of the face–centered cubic structure. However, the Fe–Co61–Ni36 sample also had a weak reflection from the (100) plane of the hexagonal close–packed structure of Co. An enhancement in the Co contents caused a strong decrement in the crystallinity, resulting in a decrease in the size of the crystallites. The Fe–Co33–Ni62 sample exhibited a more compact surface structure comprising only cauliflower–like agglomerates, while the Fe–Co43–Ni53 and Fe–Co61–Ni36 samples had a surface structure consisting of both pyramidal particles and cauliflower–like agglomerates. The results also revealed that different Co contents play an important role in the surface roughness parameters. From the magnetic analysis of the samples, it was understood that the Fe–Co61–Ni36 sample has a higher coercive field and magnetic squareness ratio than the Fe–Co43–Ni53 and Fe–Co33–Ni62 samples. The differences observed in the magnetic characteristics of the samples were attributed to the changes revealed in their phase structure and surface roughness parameters. The obtained results are the basis for the fabrication of future magnetic devices.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Deposition of Fe–Co–Ni Samples with Different Co Contents and Characterization of Their Microstructural and Magnetic Properties

et al. 2022

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Tuning structural properties, morphology and magnetic characteristics of nanostructured Ni‐Co‐Fe/ITO ternary alloys by galvanostatic pretreatment process

Saraç

Trong

Baykul

et al. 2022

Microscopy Res & Technique

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In this research, the structural properties, surface morphology, and magnetic characteristics of nanostructured ternary ferromagnetic alloys grown by a cost‐effective and effortless two‐step electrochemical deposition method on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates with and without a galvanostatic pretreatment process (GPP) were examined. The GPP was applied at various pretreatment current densities (PCDs) such as −10, −20, and − 30 mA/cm2. The effect of the PCD on the Ni, Co, and Fe contents is found to be insignificant and all resultant Ni‐Co‐Fe thin films show an abnormal co‐deposition. The films have nano‐sized crystallites ranging from 17.3 to 19.6 nm and showed a face‐centered cubic structure with the [111] preferential growth. Compared to the non‐GPP applied Ni‐Co‐Fe film, growing the ternary Ni‐Co‐Fe film on ITO at the PCD of −30 mA/cm2 causes an improvement in the crystal quality and a reduction in the particle size from 150 ± 50 to 70 ± 20 nm. A decrement in the surface roughness and coercivity was also achieved by applying the GPP at the PCD of −30 mA/cm2, but the opposite is true for the GPP performed at the PCD of −10 mA/cm2. The GPP has an effect on the magnetic Squareness Ratio (SQR), but the influence of the PCD on the SQR parameter is negligible. The obtained findings reveal that the properties of the Ni‐Co‐Fe/ITO ternary alloys can be tuned through the GPP applied in various PCDs. Highlights • The effect of the PCD on the Ni, Co, and Fe contents is found to be insignificant. • The films have nano‐sized crystallites and showed a face‐centered cubic structure with the [111] preferential growth. • The analysis reveals that the GPP changes the crystal quality, Hc parameter, surface roughness, and particle size of the films. • The GPP has an effect on the magnetic squareness ratio (SQR), but the influence of the PCD on the SQR parameter is negligible. • The films had nano‐sized crystallites ranging from 17.3 to 19.6 nm. • The films were ferromagnetic, and the Hc and SQR parameters of the films ranged from 30.2 to 42.7 Oe and from 8.8% to 19.6%.

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Ultrasound-Assisted Electrodeposition of Fe-Ni-Co Ternary Alloy Film: Microstructure, Corrosion Resistance, and Soft Magnetic Property

Yu,

Li,

Zhong

et al. 2024

JOM

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Studying structural, magnetic and morphological features of electrochemically fabricated thin films of Co–Ni–Fe with different Fe compositions

Cited by 9 publications

References 80 publications

Electrochemical Deposition of Fe–Co–Ni Samples with Different Co Contents and Characterization of Their Microstructural and Magnetic Properties

Electrochemical Deposition of Fe–Co–Ni Samples with Different Co Contents and Characterization of Their Microstructural and Magnetic Properties

Tuning structural properties, morphology and magnetic characteristics of nanostructured Ni‐Co‐Fe/ITO ternary alloys by galvanostatic pretreatment process

Ultrasound-Assisted Electrodeposition of Fe-Ni-Co Ternary Alloy Film: Microstructure, Corrosion Resistance, and Soft Magnetic Property

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