Studying ancient landscapes with Geographic Information Systems

Gaffney, Vincent; Stančič, Zoran; Clavel-Lévêque, Monique

doi:10.3406/dha.1995.2732

dha

1995

DOI: 10.3406/dha.1995.2732

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Studying ancient landscapes with Geographic Information Systems

Vincent Gaffney¹,

Zoran Stančič²,

Monique Clavel-Lévêque³

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2014

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“…Their application to archaeology has been the subject of numerous papers and edited volumes (Westcott and Brandon 2000;Aldenderfer and Maschner 1996;Maschner 1996;Lock 2000;Lock and Stanèiè 1995;Gillings et al 1999;García Sanjuan and Wheatley 2002;Grau Mira 2006;Johnson and North 1997) and at least three books (Wheatley and Gillings 2002;Connolly and Lake 2006;Chapman 2006). Initially seen as a tool with which to implement statistical models of site locations (Carr 1985;Kvamme 1983;Kvamme 1989) or to re-cast functional-processual approaches to space such as site catchment analysis (Hunt 1992;Gaffney and Stančič 1991), spatial computation has rapidly become the platform of choice for an array of intersite spatial analyses and formal approaches to landscape archaeology.…”

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confidence: 99%

Connecting landscapes with built environments: visibility analysis, scale and the senses

2014

Spatial Analysis and Social Spaces

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Connecting landscapes with built environments: visibility analysis, scale and the senses This paper reviews some of the main theoretical critiques of spatial technological approaches to the past, particularly of visibility analysis. It considers the extent to which methodologies for both the built environment and for wider landscapes might either reject or respond to these issues, considering in particular (a) the claim that such work is based on a culturally-specific concept of space (the map) that is unlikely to have been shared by other cultures in the past and (b) the accusation that analysis of visual structure perpetuates a western bias towards vision over the other senses and 'privileges' the visual over other aspects of perception and bodily engagement. The paper concludes that, although much of this critique can be contested or moderated in various ways, we should accept that vision is not easily separable from other senses. To respond to this challenge, it is suggested that we should seek a framework to understand the link between space and all the senses while at the same time seeking to bring together the traditions of spatial analysis for landscape archaeology and the built environment. One possible way forward may be to combine the sensory/spatial framework used by proxemics for smaller scales with that defined by Higuchi for landscapes because they share some useful concepts. It is hoped that responding positively in this way to postprocessual critique may ultimately enrich formal methods of understanding ancient urban environments and landscapes. 1 Formal visibility analysis in archaeology Archaeological studies of the built environment have long shared with landscape-scale studies an interest in the visual structure of space, although these two scales of analysis have generally followed parallel methodological developments: landscape studies have evolved paper-based methods into GIS-based 'viewshed' analysis, while studies of built environments have developed methods based on 'isovists' or axial graph analysis (Hillier, this volume). These traditions of research share a number of methodological and theoretical aspects, but interestingly, while landscape-scale work has increasingly evoked specific theoretical criticism, work on the built environment has largely avoided such issues. If the positive trend towards convergence between landscape-scale and urban-scale studies of visual structure is to continue, therefore, it may be useful to review some of the theoretical concerns that have been raised and to explore how both approaches might respond to them.

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Connecting landscapes with built environments: visibility analysis, scale and the senses

2014

Spatial Analysis and Social Spaces

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Studying ancient landscapes with Geographic Information Systems

Cited by 1 publication

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Connecting landscapes with built environments: visibility analysis, scale and the senses

Connecting landscapes with built environments: visibility analysis, scale and the senses

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