Study validity depends on the study design and bias. Comment on “Randomised controlled trial of scalp cooling for the prevention of chemotherapy induced alopecia” by Bajpai et al. (The Breast. 2019 December 12. Doi: 10.1016/j.breast.2019.12.004 [Epub ahead of print])

Patel, Ashwin

doi:10.1016/j.breast.2020.01.040

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…25 To investigate this further, iVar output from the nf-core/viralrecon workflow identified variants at ≥25% frequency (appendix p. 10, appendix 2). 20 One of these mutations is in the N-terminal ectodomain of the membrane protein, where a 15 nucleotide in-frame insertion (I8delinsSNNSEF) is present at an average frequency of 92.4% in all Facility Line B whole genome sequences (appendix pp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Human origin ascertained for SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-like spike sequences detected in wastewater: a targeted surveillance study of a cryptic lineage in an urban sewershed

Shafer

Gregory

Bobholz

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Importance: The origin of highly divergent "cryptic" SARS-CoV-2 Spike sequences, which appear in wastewater but not clinical samples, is unknown. These wastewater sequences have harbored many of the same variants that later emerged in Omicron. If these enigmatic sequences are human-derived and transmissible, they could both be a source of future variants and a valuable tool for forecasting sequences that should be incorporated into vaccines and therapeutics. Objective: To determine whether enigmatic SARS-CoV-2 lineages detected in wastewater have a human or non-human (i.e., animal) source. Design: On January 11, 2022, an unusual Spike sequence was detected in municipal wastewater from a metropolitan area. Over the next four months, more focused wastewater sampling resolved the source of this variant. Setting: This study was performed in Wisconsin, United States, which has a comprehensive program for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater. Participants: Composite wastewater samples were used for this study; therefore, no individuals participated. Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s): The primary outcome was to determine the host(s) responsible for shedding this variant in wastewater. Both human and non-human hosts were plausible candidates at the study's outset. Results: The presence of the cryptic virus was narrowed from a municipal wastewater sample (catchment area >100,000 people) to an indoor wastewater sample from a single facility (catchment area ~30 people), indicating the human origin of this virus. Extraordinarily high concentrations of viral RNA (~520,000,000 genome copies / L and ~1,600,000,000 genome copies / L in June and August 2022, respectively) were detected in the indoor wastewater sample. The virus sequence harbored a combination of fixed nucleotide substitutions previously observed only in Pango lineage B.1.234, a variant that circulated at low levels in Wisconsin from October 2020 to February 2021. Conclusions and Relevance: High levels of persistent SARS-CoV-2 shedding from the gastrointestinal tract of an infected individual likely explain the presence of evolutionarily advanced, "cryptic variants" observed in some wastewater samples.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fastq files were analyzed with the nf-core/viralrecon 2.5 workflow (10.5281/zenodo.3901628) using the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 reference genome (Genbank accession MN908947.3). 20 The workflow was initiated as outlined on the project's data portal (https://go.wisc.edu/4134pl). Additional details are provided in the appendix (pp.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%