Study to assess quality of life (morale and happiness) in two continuing care facilities — a comparative study in the UK and The Netherlands

Rai, G.S.; Jetten, E.; Collas, David; Hoefnagels, W.H.L.; Froeling, P.; Bor, Hans

doi:10.1016/0167-4943(94)00620-m

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…While the study looked specifically at morale, the high correlation of PGC scores with mood suggests that a low morale puts an individual at risk for depression [3], [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, a composite score from 13–17 represents high morale, 10–12 intermediate morale, while scores below 9 suggest low morale. The composite score from the PGC gives essentially the same information as the GDS, with similar patient profiles [3], [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGC) measures well-being in the elderly, which is highly correlated to depression (r = 0.75–0.85) when tested both in Western and Asian populations [3], [4], [5], [6]. The high inter-correlations suggest that the PGC can also act as a proxy marker for mood and hence depression, as has been done in some studies [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Assessment of Factors Influencing Morale in the Elderly

et al. 2011

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BackgroundWe examined the relationship between morale measured by the Philadelphia Geriatric Morale Scale (PGC) and disability, social support, religiosity, and personality traits. Instruments predicting morale were then tested against PGC domains.MethodsThe study utilized a cross-sectional survey with a multistage cluster sampling design. Instruments used were disability (disease burden; WHO Disability Score-II, WHODAS-II), social support (Duke Social Support Scale, DUSOCS; Lubben Social Network Scale, LSNS-6; Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey, MOS-SSS), religiosity (Revised Intrinsic-Extrinsic Religious Orientation Scale, I/E-R), and personality (Ten-Item Personality Inventory, TIPI). These were plotted as bar charts against PGC, resolved with one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests, then corrected for multiple comparisons. This process was repeated with PGC domains. Contribution of factors was modeled using population attributable risk (PAR) and odds ratios. Effect of confounders such as gender, age, and ethnicity were checked using binary logistic regression.ResultsAll instruments showed clear relationships with PGC, with WHODAS-II and DUSOCS performing well (ANOVA p<0.001). For PGC domains, attitude toward aging and lonely dissatisfaction trended together, while agitation did not. PAR, odds ratios, and Exp(β) were disability (WHODAS-II: 28.5%, 3.8, 2.8), social support (DUSOCS: 28.0%, 3.4, 2.2), religiosity (I/E-R: 21.6%, 3.2, 2.1), and personality (TIPI: 27.9%, 3.6, 2.4). Combined PAR was 70.9%.ConclusionsDisability, social support, religiosity, and personality strongly influence morale in the elderly. WHODAS-II and DUSOCS perform best in measuring disability and social support respectively.

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“…While the study looked specifically at morale, the high correlation of PGC scores with mood suggests that a low morale puts an individual at risk for depression [3], [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Assessment of Factors Influencing Morale in the Elderly

et al. 2011

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“…The test-retest reliability found in a study that administered the Dutch translation of the PGCMS was r = 0.82 (P < 0.0001). 46 …”

Section: The Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (Pgcms)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) on Self-Efficacy and Mood in Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Luijpen

Swaab²,

Sergeant³

et al. 2004

Neurorehabil Neural Repair

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In previous studies, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) R ecent reviews indicate that the clinical hallmark of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is impaired memory in combination with a preservation of general cognition and activities of daily life.1,2 This type of MCI has also been called "amnestic" MCI 2 or "singledomain" MCI 3 and is probably caused by degeneration of various structures of the medial temporal lobe such as the hippocampus, the parahippo-campus, the entorhinal cor-tex, and the perirhinal cortex. 4 As opposed to single-domain MCI, patients with MCI may also show additional impairments in other cognitive functions, for example, orientation. 5,6 Patients with this type of MCI-called "multi-domain" MCI-have an even higher risk of developing probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) than those with single-domain MCI. Support for multi-domain MCI emerges from the finding that following the involvement of the medial temporal lobe, 4 the prefrontal cortex is also involved in MCI. [7][8][9] Indeed, an increased choline acetyltransferase (ChaT) activity has been observed in both the hippocampus and the frontal cortex of patients with MCI.10 This finding suggests a compensatory upregulation of the cholinergic system. The prefrontal cortex has been associated with executive functions such as planning, taking initiatives, and purposeful action/goal-directed behavior.11 In view of the nature of executive functions, it is logical that they are related to an individual's independent functioning. Specifically, executive functions appear to be a strong predictor for performance of (instrumental) activities of daily living. 12,13 In addition to a frontal lobe dysfunction as observed in MCI associated with decline in independent functioning, the institutional environment of a residential home for the elderly might augment an elderly resident's decline in independent functioning, irrespective of cognitive impairment. Richardson et al. 14 observed that a 1-year institutionalization caused an increase in functional limitations and a decrease in activities of daily living in about one third of the residents. Indeed, instrumental daily activities such as shopping, preparing meals, and cleaning the room are not required anymore in a residential home for the

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“…It variously describes morale [31], well-being [32] and quality of life [33]. It is a well-used instrument to investigate various aspects of care of the elderly [34,35]. It consists of 17 items especially constructed to be usable by very old or less competent people as it uses fewer items, simpler wording and less complex response formats than previously available tests.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%