Study regarding drugs in blood with ELISA and chemiluminiscence versus ELISA with spectrophotometric detection

Abstract

Biochip Array Technology (BAT) is a new technique used for screening purposes in clinical and forensic toxicology. The purpose of this article is to compare it with the standard ELISA with spectrophotometric detection (SD) in regard of its sensibility and specificity. Material and methods. Fifty five samples were analyzed on both BAT and ELISA SD; the results were confirmed using either GC-MS (for opiates, benzoilecgonine and cannabinoids) or HPLC (for barbiturates and benzodiazepines). Results. For opiates BAT technique had a sensibility of 100% and a specificity of 97.72%. Sensibility for ELISA SD technique was 92.3% and specificity 97.72%. For benzoilecgonine the sensibility and specificity for BAT was 100% whilst for ELISA SD the sensibility was 100% and specificity was 93.10%. For cannabinoids the sensibility for BAT was 90%, and specificity was 97.7% whilst for the ELISA SD technique the sensibility was 100% and the specificity was 91.11%. For barbiturates the sensibility and specificity was 100% for both methods. For benzodiazepines the sensibility for BAT was 100% and the specificity was 95.65% whilst for ELISA SD the sensibility was 100% and the specificity was 93.47%. Conclusions. The results obtained on BAT are comparable with those from ELISA-SD and have a high sensitivity and specificity compared to the used confirmatory methods. The results do not have however an increased statistical significance due to a very small number of positive results, caused by an abruptly decreasing number of positive cases in the last year, mainly due to increased used of "legal highs".

Miniaturized paper-based analytical device for the portable analysis of phyto-cannabinoids in plant and oral fluids

“…Furthermore, comparing the PAD cards to traditional techniques (spectrophotometry, immunoassay, chromatography, and mass spectrometry) [ 20 – 22 ], the proposed method offers significant advantages such as portability, non-expensiveness, and ease to use and also being in agreement with the Green Analytical Chemistry principles (Table S7 ) [ 23 ].…”

An aptamer folding‐based sensory platform decorated with nanoparticles for simple cocaine testing

“…[1] Additionally, according to the last European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) annual report, it is estimated that the most commonly used drug is cannabis (75.1 million); followed by cocaine (14.9 million), amphetamines (11.7 million), and MDMA commonly known as Ecstasy (11.5 million). [4] Conventional methods for cocaine detection are mainly chromatography, [5] and immunoassay methods which include the enzyme-linked assay, [6] colourimetric technique, [7,8] chemiluminescence, [9] and fluorescence assays [10,11] as well as electrochemical sensing systems. This number indicates that reporting of new psychoactive drugs increased 25% compared to 2013.…”

“…[3] Therefore, cocaine serves as a model target for testing novel analytical methods because of the demanding requirements for its quick detection in regulation enforcement and clinical settings. [4] Conventional methods for cocaine detection are mainly chromatography, [5] and immunoassay methods which include the enzyme-linked assay, [6] colourimetric technique, [7,8] chemiluminescence, [9] and fluorescence assays [10,11] as well as electrochemical sensing systems. [12,13] Although these methods have some advantages, each one suffers from certain drawbacks including time consumption and low resolution.…”

Development of an immunochromatographic strip assay for ractopamine detection using an ultrasensitive monoclonal antibody

“…Immunoassays, which have been widely used for RCT detection, have a high-throughput and are specific, user-friendly, and quick. Immunoassays include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), fluorescence immunoassay (FLA), time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay, and immunomagnetic-proximity ligation assay (Gao et al, 2014;Jiang, Zhu, & Liu, 2014;Jing, Xintian, Jingli, Donghui, & Zhenhua, 2014;Radu, Aciu, Constantin, Leauta, Dermengiu, Hostiuc, et al, 2012;Yue, Wu, Li, & Xu, 2009). In this study, we produced an ultrasensitive and specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) based on a hapten containing an RCT fragment.…”