Study Protocol: Does an Acute Intervention of High-Intensity Physical Exercise Followed by a Brain Training Video Game Have Immediate Effects on Brain Activity of Older People During Stroop Task in fMRI?—A Randomized Controlled Trial With Crossover Design

Himmelmeier, Robin Maximilian; Nouchi, Rui; Saito, Toshiki; Burin, Dalila; Wiltfang, Jens; Kawashima, Ryuta

doi:10.3389/fnagi.2019.00260

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 132 publications

(184 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, the older people can use the Internet to grasp relevant information such as national fitness and scientific fitness. With the continuous participation of the older people in physical activities to strengthen their bodies, whether it is square dance, Tai Chi, jogging, or other forms of aerobic exercise, the physical function of the older people has been improved and physical discomfort has been alleviated ( 37 ). This helps to cultivate the fitness awareness of the older people, promote them to become a sports population, and then improve the physical health of the older people.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect and mechanism of Internet use on the physical health of the older people—Empirical analysis based on CFPS

Guo

Li²,

Li³

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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The use of the Internet has a promoting effect on the physical health of the older people. However, previous studies are mostly focused on the perspective of the overall population, or limited to the direct effects, ignoring the exploration of the mechanism of action and the perspective of the older people. Based on the data of the China Family Panel Survey (CFPS) in 2014, 2016, 2018, and 2020, this study found that the use of the Internet has a significant effect on the physical health of the older people, especially among the population groups of females, rural residents, and those living in central and western regions of China. In addition, this study also found that the use of the Internet by the older people can increase their exercise frequency, thereby improving their physical health. Therefore, to promote active aging, this study proposes to further increase the popularity of the Internet among the older people, encourage the introduction of age-appropriate Internet systems and sports facilities, create an online fitness platform for the older people, and promote scientific fitness programs for them.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect and mechanism of Internet use on the physical health of the older people—Empirical analysis based on CFPS

Guo

Li²,

Li³

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…After two rotations, participants did standardized whole-body stretching training (6 min). The whole-body stretching training consists of 12 stretching exercises (Achilles’ tendon, sole, thigh, armpit, shoulder, shoulder/upper arm, chest/arm, shoulder/chest/arm, waist, back of the knee, the base of the thigh, back).” In order to monitor the exercise intensity, the participant’s heart rate was measured by Polar H10 during the combination exercise training regime ( Himmelmeier et al, 2019 ). Then, using age-predicted maximum heart rate using (220-age), we calculated the percentage of maximal heart rate (%HRmax) during the combination exercise.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Single 30 Minutes Bout of Combination Physical Exercises Improved Inhibition and Vigor-Mood in Middle-Aged and Older Females: Evidence From a Randomized Controlled Trial

Nouchi

Kawashima

2020

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Background: Long-term combination of physical exercises has reported benefits for cognitive functions and mood states. However, it remains unclear whether a single bout of combination exercise training has acute positive effects on cognitive functions and mood states in middle-aged and older women. It is important to investigate acute effect of physical exercise because it would help to understand a mechanism of benefits of physical exercise. The purpose of this study was to investigate 30 min of a single bout of combination exercise training on cognition and mood states in middle-aged and older females. Methods: In this single-blinded randomized control trial (RCT), middle-aged and older females were assigned randomly to two groups: a combination exercise group and a no-exercise control group. The former group did the combination exercise training (aerobic, strength, and stretching exercises) for 30 min. Meanwhile, the latter group did not do any exercise and waited for 30 min. We measured cognitive functions and mood performance states before and after the exercise or control interventions. Results: Our main results demonstrated that, compared to the control group, the combination exercise improved inhibition (reverse Stroop and Stroop) and increased vigor-activity mood scores in both middle-aged and older groups. We also found that the only combination exercise group showed the significant positive correlations between improved inhibition performance and improved vigor-activity mood. Discussion: This randomized controlled trial revealed the acute benefits of combination exercise on inhibition in executive functions and vigor-activity in the healthy middle-aged and older females. Our results provided the scientific evidence related to acute effects of the single bout of the combination exercise training. It suggests that we would be better to do the 30 min physical exercise for our health.

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“…In particular, six studies did not perform neuroimaging using fMRI [80][81][82] or applied other neuroimaging techniques (e.g., functional near-infrared spectroscopy) [83][84][85]. The remaining 10 studies did not perform cognitive testing [86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94] or did not report data because they describe a study protocol [95].…”

Section: Inclusion and Exclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Contribution of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to the Understanding of the Effects of Acute Physical Exercise on Cognition

et al. 2020

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The fact that a single bout of acute physical exercise has a positive impact on cognition is well-established in the literature, but the neural correlates that underlie these cognitive improvements are not well understood. Here, the use of neuroimaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), offers great potential, which is just starting to be recognized. This review aims at providing an overview of those studies that used fMRI to investigate the effects of acute physical exercises on cerebral hemodynamics and cognition. To this end, a systematic literature survey was conducted by two independent reviewers across five electronic databases. The search returned 668 studies, of which 14 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in this systematic review. Although the findings of the reviewed studies suggest that acute physical exercise (e.g., cycling) leads to profound changes in functional brain activation, the small number of available studies and the great variability in the study protocols limits the conclusions that can be drawn with certainty. In order to overcome these limitations, new, more well-designed trials are needed that (i) use a more rigorous study design, (ii) apply more sophisticated filter methods in fMRI data analysis, (iii) describe the applied processing steps of fMRI data analysis in more detail, and (iv) provide a more precise exercise prescription.Brain Sci. 2020, 10, 175 2 of 31 improve cognitive domains, such as attention and/or cognitive control substantially, albeit only transiently [30][31][32][33]. However, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of these effects are not yet fully understood. In this regard, the use of neuroimaging methods offers great potential for acquiring a deeper understanding of physical exercise-induced changes in the neural correlates of cognition, such as changes in functional brain activation [33][34][35]. The most common methods used to investigate effects on functional brain activation are functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) [34] and electroencephalography (EEG) [36,37]; however, also functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has recently been applied in the context of acute physical exercise and cognition [38,39]. The strengths of fNIRS and EEG compared to fMRI are a higher temporal resolution, greater portability, and applicability in almost all cohorts (e.g., for individuals with metallic implants or claustrophobia) [34,40,41]. However, fNIRS and EEG have a limited spatial resolution and only allow for the evaluation of brain activation patterns in cortical areas [41][42][43]. In comparison to fNIRS and EEG, fMRI enables the assessment of brain activation changes in cortical and subcortical areas and offers a higher spatial resolution, which results in superior source localization [42][43][44]. Hence, fMRI is well suited to study the influence of acute physical exercise on subcortical structures, such as the hippocampus, which have a crucial role in cognitive processes (e.g., memory) [45][46][47][48][49...

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Study Protocol: Does an Acute Intervention of High-Intensity Physical Exercise Followed by a Brain Training Video Game Have Immediate Effects on Brain Activity of Older People During Stroop Task in fMRI?—A Randomized Controlled Trial With Crossover Design

Cited by 6 publications

References 132 publications

The effect and mechanism of Internet use on the physical health of the older people—Empirical analysis based on CFPS

The effect and mechanism of Internet use on the physical health of the older people—Empirical analysis based on CFPS

A Single 30 Minutes Bout of Combination Physical Exercises Improved Inhibition and Vigor-Mood in Middle-Aged and Older Females: Evidence From a Randomized Controlled Trial

The Contribution of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to the Understanding of the Effects of Acute Physical Exercise on Cognition

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