Study on water hammer effect and tubing string vibration in high-pressure high-production gas wells

Zhang, Qiang; Tao, Ling; Lee, Ding; Wang, Kai; Yang, Hanxiao; Lian, Zhanghua

doi:10.1016/j.geoen.2023.212147

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Combined with the pre-warning of the PFI, the pump rate may be regulated gradually to mitigate the reduction amplitude and avoid instant shut-in. These findings agree with the previous results in high-production gas wells, based on which extending the shut-in time was suggested to control the water-hammer effects [31].…”

Section: Discussion 41 Performance Of the Data-driven Strategysupporting

confidence: 93%

“…A numerical simulation showed that a severe stress concentration (895.29 MPa) may be generated in a high-pressure gas well (118 MPa) at the rounded corners of each indentation [19]. The most direct way to control the water-hammer effect is to extend the shut-in time or prevent the rapid shut-in of the gas well [31]. However, this effect during hydraulic fracturing operations and well integrity remains unclear, especially in emergency situations in which an instant pump-rate shutdown may be required to relieve wellhead pressures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emergency Pump-Rate Regulation to Mitigate Water-Hammer Effect—An Integrated Data-Driven Strategy and Case Studies

Hou,

Gong,

Sun

et al. 2024

Energies

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Pump-rate regulation is frequently used during hydraulic fracturing operations in order to maintain the pressure within a safe range. An emergency pump-rate reduction or pump shutdown is usually applied under the condition of sand screen-out when advancing hydraulic fractures are blocked by injected proppant and develop wellhead overpressure. The drastic regulation of the pump rate induces water-hammer effects—hydraulic shocks—on the wellbore due to the impulsive pressure. This wellbore shock damages the well integrity and then increases the risk of material leakage into water resources or the atmosphere, depending on the magnitude of the impulsive pressure. Therefore, appropriate emergency pump-rate regulation can both secure the fracturing operation and enhance well-completion integrity for environmental requirements—a rare mutual benefit to both sides of the argument. Previous studies have revealed the tube vibration, severe stress concentration, and sand production induced by water-hammer effects in high-pressure wells during oil/gas production. However, the water-hammer effect, the induced impulsive pressures, and the mitigation measures are rarely reported for hydraulic fracturing injections. In this study, we present a data-driven workflow integrating real-time monitoring and regulation strategies, which is applied in four field cases under the emergency operation condition (screen-out or near screen-out). A stepwise pump-rate regulation strategy was deployed in the first three cases. The corresponding maximum impulsive pressure fell in the range of 3.7~7.4 MPa. Furthermore, a sand screen-out case, using a more radical regulation strategy, induced an impulsive pressure 2 or 3 times higher (~14.7 MPa) than the other three cases. Compared with the traditional method of sharp pump-rate regulation in fields, stepwise pump-rate regulation is recommended to constrain the water-hammer effect based on the evolution of impulsive pressures, which can be an essential operational strategy to secure hydraulic fracturing and well integrity, especially for fracturing geologically unstable formations (for instance, formations near faults).

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Section: Discussion 41 Performance Of the Data-driven Strategysupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergency Pump-Rate Regulation to Mitigate Water-Hammer Effect—An Integrated Data-Driven Strategy and Case Studies

Hou,

Gong,

Sun

et al. 2024

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It mainly shows that the well depth is deep, the temperature and pressure are high and the variation range is large. [22] The completion string is complex, so the influence of tubing diameter change should be considered. Some ultra-deep wells have horizontal sections, and it is necessary to finely mesh the sections where the well inclination angle changes.…”

Section: Study On Pressure Fluctuation In Ultra-deep Wellmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the L-t plane, the ordinary differential equation in Equation ( 21) can be integrated along the characteristic line of C þ along the point P 1 . Make an inverse wave characteristic line C À through point P 2 , and the ordinary differential equation in Equation (22) can also be integrated along this characteristic line.…”

Section: Finite-difference Discretizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Instantaneous Shut‐In on the Safety of Tubing String in Ultra‐Deep High‐Temperature and High‐Pressure Gas Well

Zhang,

Zheng,

Yang

et al. 2024

Energy Tech

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In this article, considering the factors such as well trajectory and tubing string structures, the transient shut‐in tubing string pressure fluctuation model of ultra‐deep high‐temperature and high‐pressure (hereinafter referred to as HTHP) gas well is established, the propagation of pressure wave along the well depth is obtained, and the effects of different production and shut‐in time on the fluctuating pressure and its variation range are analyzed. Through calculation and analysis, it can be seen that there are differences in pressure waveforms at different well depths. The closer to the bottom of the well, the more delayed the occurrence of water hammer, and the smaller the water hammer pressure value. The larger the production, the greater the pressure wave velocity, and the closer to the wellhead, the more obvious the change. For well X, the pressure wave velocity in the well section below 6500 m varies greatly with the increase of production. When the production is 140 × 104 m3 D−1, the difference of pressure wave velocity between the bottom hole and the wellhead is 105.19 m s−1. After instantaneous shut‐in, the wellhead pressure increases by 3.2% compared with the initial pressure and the bottom hole pressure increases by 0.6%.

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Research on Pipe String Failure Based on Fluid–Structure Coupling Vibration of Pipe String During Instantaneous Shut-in

Li,

Huang,

Feng

et al. 2024

J Fail. Anal. and Preven.

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Study on water hammer effect and tubing string vibration in high-pressure high-production gas wells

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Emergency Pump-Rate Regulation to Mitigate Water-Hammer Effect—An Integrated Data-Driven Strategy and Case Studies

Emergency Pump-Rate Regulation to Mitigate Water-Hammer Effect—An Integrated Data-Driven Strategy and Case Studies

Influence of Instantaneous Shut‐In on the Safety of Tubing String in Ultra‐Deep High‐Temperature and High‐Pressure Gas Well

Research on Pipe String Failure Based on Fluid–Structure Coupling Vibration of Pipe String During Instantaneous Shut-in

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