The purpose of this study is to find out the impact of social phenomena such as COVID-19 on the overall use of public libraries, such as book lending. To this end, an analysis was conducted on 457,699,689 loan records from 2019 to 2022 of 1,490 public libraries registered in the public library information naru. To this end, techniques such as descriptive statistics, two-way ANOVA, chi-square test, independent sample T-test, and MANOVA were used to confirm. Subsequently, a non-face-to-face survey was conducted targeting public library users in order to ascertain practical opinions from the public library field. For detailed analysis, descriptive statistics, paired-sample T-test for each year, cross-tabulation, and chi-square test were used to confirm. Through this, the patterns of public library use that have changed before and after COVID-19, which are recognized by public library users, were derived. Afterwards, it was confirmed that social phenomena affect the use of public libraries by comparing the analysis of loan records and the analysis of survey results. Afterwards, an additional survey was conducted targeting users who had experience using public libraries. In conclusion, it was confirmed that social phenomena such as COVID-19 affected the overall use of public libraries, such as the number of borrowed books. In addition, it was analyzed that users are concerned about physical risks and need to actively recognize them in public library operation policies and apply them to the field.