Study on transport characteristics of saliva droplets produced by coughing in a calm indoor environment

Zhu, Shengwei; Kato, Shinsuke; Yang, Jeong-Hoon

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.06.024

Cited by 378 publications

(397 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The velocities derived in this study are comparable to velocities reported in the literature. Zhu et al (2006) reported an average velocity of 11.2 m/s. Mahajan et al (1994) measured peak cough volumetric flow rates to be between 200 L/min to 950 L/min with a mean peak flow rate of 300 L/min.…”

Section: Maximum Velocitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies have investigated the sounds of cough (Piirilä and Sovijärvi 1989), the physiological function of cough, and the effectiveness of different asthma medications. Zhu et al (2006) measured the velocity of coughs from three males using particle image velocimetry (PIV) with flour as the tracer particle. The initial cough velocity ranged from 6-22 m/s with an average velocity of 11.2 m/s, and an estimated standard deviation of 2.85 m/s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Particle Image Velocimetry of Human Cough

VanSciver

Miller

Hertzberg

2011

Aerosol Science and Technology

107

113

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Cough generated infectious aerosols are of interest while developing strategies for the mitigation of disease risks ranging from the common cold to SARS. In this work, the velocity field of human cough was measured using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The project subjects (total 29) coughed into an enclosure seeded with stage fog. Cough flow velocity profiles, average widths of the cough jet, and maximum cough velocities were measured. Maximum cough velocities ranged from 1.5 m/s to 28.8 m/s. The average width of all coughs ranged between 35 to 45 mm. Wide variability in the data suggests that future cough simulations consider a range of conditions.

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Section: Maximum Velocitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Image Velocimetry of Human Cough

VanSciver

Miller

Hertzberg

2011

Aerosol Science and Technology

107

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is also observed that the spray gun generated very consistent airflow profiles. The peak velocity under the MV scheme was approximately 10 ms -1 , while the average of the two measurements taken under the DIS scheme was about 7.9 ms -1 , a velocity that represents a high-end expiratory process for the scale of the current setup (Chao and Wan 2006;Zhu et al 2006;Richmond-Bryant 2009). The higher velocity measured for the MV scheme is attributed to the higher inlet air velocity used for that scheme: 2 ms -1 vs. 0.4 ms -1 for the DIS scheme.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of Exhaled Aerosol Transport Under Two Ventilation Systems

Lai

Wong

2010

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Although the importance and implications of studying expiratory droplet concentration distribution in indoor environments are obvious, experimental measurements are very scarce and incomplete. In the work described herein, spatial and temporal aerosol concentrations generated by a modeled expiratory process were studied experimentally. Two heated manikins were placed inside a chamber with either a displacement ventilation system or a ceiling supply and ceiling return ventilation system. One of the manikins emitted 0.05 micrometer monodisperse polystyrene microspheres mimicking the generation of expiratory droplets. Flow characteristics were measured by a hot-film anemometry system before and after the momentary emission of aerosols at three locations. The temporal concentration profiles at eight locations were also measured. The results show that a high-speed air jet easily penetrates the boundary layer of the manikin regardless of the ventilation system used. Transient ventilation effectiveness was also evaluated and compared for both ventilation systems. The results show that the ventilation effectiveness of displacement ventilation is always higher than that of ceiling-type ventilation. Experimental observation also suggests that the presumption of complete mixing must be applied cautiously.

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“…Though employed a highly simplified model of the human form, the simulation results compared quite well with the PIV data. Zhu et al [66] used PIV to measure the velocity distribution around the mouth of the coughing subject with flour as the tracer particle. Chao et al [67] presented the PIV data of expiration air jet velocities from volunteers during coughing and speaking.…”

Section: Human Airflowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle image velocimetry measurement of indoor airflow field: A review of the technologies and applications

Cao

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2014

Energy and Buildings

130

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Quantifying the airflow field in building room or vehicle cabin indoor space is crucial for creating a thermal comfortable and healthy indoor environment. Airflow field measurement can provide quantitative information of indoor air distribution and local air velocity around occupants or passengers, which has strong relationship with the ventilation effectiveness, the pollutant transportation and the energy conservation in a building or a vehicle. However, the airflow field in indoor environment is normally characterized by high turbulent level and unsteady due to relatively low air velocity from the diffuser, thermal plume of heat source and unsteady perturbation of occupants' behavior. Generally, it is very difficult to conduct accurate and detailed measurement of such a complex turbulent flow field with point-wise anemometry.

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Study on transport characteristics of saliva droplets produced by coughing in a calm indoor environment

Cited by 378 publications

References 8 publications

Particle Image Velocimetry of Human Cough

Particle Image Velocimetry of Human Cough

Experimental Investigation of Exhaled Aerosol Transport Under Two Ventilation Systems

Particle image velocimetry measurement of indoor airflow field: A review of the technologies and applications

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