sized here that for staphylococcal, gram-negative, and enterococcal endocarditis, bacteriocidal serum levels are of great importance in predicting the adequacy of therapy. With currently available antibiotics, it is doubtful that the majority of gram-negative endocarditis can be cured without surgical excision of the valve. The only way to avoid the process of trial and error and failure and relapse is to thoroughly investigate the antibiotic sensitivity of the infecting strain early in the disease and determine if it is possible to achieve antibiotic concentrations in the patient's serum that exceed the minimal concentration needed to kill the organism by 4 or 8 fold.