Study on the Use of CTAB-Treated Illite as an Alternative Filler for Natural Rubber

Wang, Zhepeng; Wang, Shaojuan; Yu, Xinyu; Zhang, Hao; Yan, Shouke

doi:10.1021/acsomega.1c02304

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…As expected CTAB, BmiCl, and DmiBr increased the ν t , which probably resulted from their positive influence on the dispersion of biofiller and curing system components in the elastomer matrix. CTAB is commonly used for improving the filler-elastomer interaction [32,64]. Furthermore, CTAB as a surfactant may be preferentially adsorbed on the surface of the filler particles.…”

Section: Cure Characteristics and Crosslink Density Of Nr Composites ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The application of ionic liquids is also known to positively affect the dispersion of filler and curatives and thus the properties of vulcanizates [27][28][29]. Moreover, the crucial importance of alkylammonium salts, i.e., cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), has been reported, which acted as a substance enhancing the dispersion of solid additives in polymer matrix and consequently the properties of final products [30][31][32]. However, in many cases these reports from the literature mainly focus on the application of common fillers, i.e., silica, carbon black, or carbon nanofibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential Utilization of Ground Eggshells as a Biofiller for Natural Rubber Biocomposites

Sowińska‐Baranowska

Maciejewska

2023

Materials

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The aim of this work was application of ground eggshells in various amounts by weight as a biofiller for natural rubber (NR) biocomposites. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), ionic liquids (ILs), i.e., 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BmiCl) and 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (DmiBr), and silanes, i.e., (3-aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane (APTES) and bis [3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl] tetrasulfide (TESPTS), were used to increase the activity of ground eggshells in the elastomer matrix and to ameliorate the cure characteristics and properties of NR biocomposites. The influence of ground eggshells, CTAB, ILs, and silanes on the crosslink density, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of NR vulcanizates and their resistance to prolonged thermo-oxidation were explored. The amount of eggshells affected the curing characteristics and crosslink density of the rubber composites and therefore their tensile properties. Vulcanizates filled with eggshells demonstrated higher crosslink density than the unfilled sample by approximately 30%, whereas CTAB and ILs increased the crosslink density by 40–60% compared to the benchmark. Owing to the enhanced crosslink density and uniform dispersion of ground eggshells, vulcanizates containing CTAB and ILs exhibited tensile strength improved by approximately 20% compared to those without these additives. Moreover, the hardness of these vulcanizates was increased by 35–42%. Application of both the biofiller and the tested additives did not significantly affect the thermal stability of cured NR compared to the unfilled benchmark. Most importantly, the eggshell-filled vulcanizates showed improved resistance to thermo-oxidative aging compared to the unfilled NR.

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Section: Cure Characteristics and Crosslink Density Of Nr Composites ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Utilization of Ground Eggshells as a Biofiller for Natural Rubber Biocomposites

Sowińska‐Baranowska

Maciejewska

2023

Materials

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“…In addition, the low content of carbon black or silica composite fillers further promoted the dispersion of coal particles in the rubber, which effectively enhanced the mechanical reinforcing properties of coal particles and the thermal stability of rubber composites. Wang Z et al [ 26 ] investigated the possibility of illite as an alternative natural rubber (NR) filler. The experimental results demonstrated that illite treated with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) could enhance the crosslinking density and dispersion of illite-NR, and the mechanical properties and wear resistance of illite/NR composites could be improved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Mechanism and Experiment of Styrene Butadiene Rubber Reinforcement by Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst

et al. 2023

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Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Catalyst is a major waste in the field of the petroleum processing field, with a large output and serious pollution. The treatment cost of these waste catalysts is high, and how to achieve their efficient reuse has become a key topic of research at home and abroad. To this end, this paper conducted a mechanistic and experimental study on the replacement of some carbon blacks by spent FCC catalysts for the preparation of rubber products and explored the synergistic reinforcing effect of spent catalysts and carbon blacks, in order to extend the reuse methods of spent catalysts and reduce the pollution caused by them to the environment. The experimental results demonstrated that the filler dispersion and distribution in the compound are more uniform after replacing the carbon black with modified spent FCC catalysts. The crosslinking density of rubber increases, the Payne effect is decreased, and the dynamic mechanical properties and aging resistance are improved. When the number of replacement parts reached 15, the comprehensive performance of the rubber composites remained the same as that of the control group. In this paper, the spent FCC catalysts modified by the physical method instead of the carbon-black-filled SBR can not only improve the performance of rubber products, but also can provide basic technical and theoretical support to realize the recycling of spent FCC catalysts and reduce the environmental pressure. The feasibility of preparing rubber composites by spent catalysts is also verified.

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“…The huge reserves endow this illite with a cheaper price, which can greatly reduce the production cost of rubber products when it is used as a filler. In a previous work [ 44 ], the possibility of illite and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) modified counterpart as substitute filler for natural rubber (NR) has been explored. It is found that pristine illite does not reinforce NR remarkably, which is related to the weak interfacial interaction between illite and NR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of 3-Mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane Modified Illite on the Reinforcement of SBR

et al. 2022

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To achieve the sustainable development of the rubber industry, the substitute of carbon black, the most widely used but non-renewable filler produced from petroleum, has been considered one of the most effective ways. The naturally occurring illite with higher aspect ratio can be easily obtained in large amounts at lower cost and with lower energy consumption. Therefore, the expansion of its application in advanced materials is of great significance. To explore their potential use as an additive for reinforcing rubber, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) composites with illites of different size with and without 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane (KH580) modification were studied. It was found that the modification of illite by KH580 increases the K-illite/SBR interaction, and thus improves the dispersion of K-illite in the SBR matrix. The better dispersion of smaller size K-illite with stronger interfacial interaction improves the mechanical properties of SBR remarkably, by an increment of about nine times the tensile strength and more than ten times the modulus. These results demonstrate, except for the evident effect of particle size, the great importance of filler–rubber interaction on the performance of SBR composites. This may be of great significance for the potential wide use of the abundant naturally occurring illite as substitute filler for the rubber industry.

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Study on the Use of CTAB-Treated Illite as an Alternative Filler for Natural Rubber

Cited by 12 publications

References 52 publications

Potential Utilization of Ground Eggshells as a Biofiller for Natural Rubber Biocomposites

Potential Utilization of Ground Eggshells as a Biofiller for Natural Rubber Biocomposites

Study on the Mechanism and Experiment of Styrene Butadiene Rubber Reinforcement by Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst

Effect of 3-Mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane Modified Illite on the Reinforcement of SBR

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