Study on the Synthesis and Surface Active Properties of a Novel Surfactant with Triple Quaternary Ammonium Groups and Triple Dodecyl Chains Derived from Glycerin

Abstract

The new triple chain surfactant was firstly prepared by ring-opening and a quaternization reaction with 2-(chloromethyl)-oxirane, tertiary amine and propane-1,2,3-triol as starting materials. The surfactant was characterized by MS and elementary analysis. Air-Liquid surface tension was measured by using a tensiometer at temperatures from 298 to 318 K respectively and in various salt solutions (NaX). The results show that with the increase of temperature, the values of critical micelle concentration (cmc) can achieve a minimum at 308 K. The maximum surface adsorption capacity C decreases, while the minimum molecule A min area increases. With the increase in temperature and the decrease in counterionic diameter, the values of cmc decrease from 8.09 9 10 -5 to 5.52 9 10 -5 mol/L, and the adsorption capacity C increase from 1.80 9 10 -10 to 2.74 9 10 -10 mol/m 2 , while there are almost no influences to surface tension (c cmc ). The free energy of micelle formation is negative (-85.2 to -92.0 kJ/mol).

Synthesis, Surface Active Properties of Novel Gemini Surfactants with Amide Groups and Rigid Spacers

“…As can be seen in Table 1, the values of C max and the number of molecules per nm 2 of BAPA-11 and BAPA-13 decreased with increasing temperature, but the values of A min of surfactants increased upon increasing the temperature. Because the thermal motion of surfactants molecules in the solution is enhanced with increasing the temperature, the distance between the molecules therefore increased and the adsorption decreased [6]. In addition, at the same temperature (45°C), the values of C max and the number of molecules per nm 2 of BAPA-m both decreased upon increasing the hydrophobic carbon chain lengths from 12 to 16.…”

“…The greater efficiency and effectiveness of gemini surfactants make them more cost effective and gives them wide application [5]. According to the difference of amphiphilic molecules and spacer groups, gemini surfactants can be divided into various classes [6][7][8][9][10][11]. The spacers connecting the two head groups can be divided into rigid and flexible spacers [12].…”

Synthesis and Properties of a Cationic Gemini Asphalt Emulsifier

“…Compared with conventional surfactants, Gemini surfactants exhibit excellent properties such as lower critical micelle concentrations (CMC), lower Krafft points, unique viscoelasticity, and so on. In recent years, Gemini surfactants have attracted considerable interest as "a new generation of surfactants" and have been widely used in sterilization, tertiary-oil recovery, and other fields (Bhadani & Singh, 2011;Jeong & Yethiraj, 2018;Rosen, 2004;Seredyuk, Alami, & Nyden, 2002;Xu, Chen, & Cui, 2011). In addition, Gemini surfactants also have potential values in the field of asphalt emulsifiers owing to their special structures (Peter & Roland, 1991;Russell, 1987;Schilling, 1992).…”

Lysine-based oligomeric surfactants with cyanuric chloride: synthesis and micellization properties

“…Tomokazu et al [10] have synthesized ring-type trimeric surfactants by treating cyanuric chloride with 2-aminoalkanoic acid. Furthermore, there are some reports on the synthesis of a neutral and cationic series of new trimeric surfactants [11][12][13][14][15]. Moreover, it is extremely difficult to synthesize trimeric surfactants because they are generally obtained in low yield and their synthesis involves numerous steps; thus, their use has been limited by cost, and scarce research has been conducted on their structure-activity relationships.…”