Study on the sulfidation behavior of smithsonite

Wu, Dandan; Wen, Shuming; Deng, Jiushuai; Liu, Jian; Mao, Yingbo

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.12.167

Cited by 81 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The three fitted S2p3 peaks at~161.70 eV were attributed to the sulfide in ZnS, which was consistent with the previous works (160.80 [22], 161.80 [23], 161.50 [24] and 161.65 [25] eV). However, we found no polysulfides species on the sample surfaces, which was inconsistent with previous works [2,11,13]. We inferred that the formation of polysulfides species was because of the slight oxidation of sulfidization product surfaces.…”

Section: Xps Measurementcontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Other XPS studies conducted by Feng and Wen [2], Luo et al [11] and Wu et al [13] showed the formation of polysulfide species, in addition to ZnS. Zeta-potential measurements, another surface-sensitive technology, have shown that the addition of greater amounts of Na 2 S makes the smithsonite zeta potential more negative and lowers its isoelectric point.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Density functional theory calculations have also been carried out to study the sulfidization flotation of smithsonite [14][15][16]. Numerous studies have attempted to elucidate the sulfidization mechanism of smithsonite [2,11,[13][14][15][16]. However, most of them have only focused on the adsorption of sulfide or hydrosulfide ions on the smithsonite surface and failed to discuss the entire sulfidization process; little research has analyzed the crystal phase of the sulfidization product; in addition, a model of the sulfidized smithsonite particle has not been proposed yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improved Understanding of the Sulfidization Mechanism in Amine Flotation of Smithsonite: An XPS, AFM and UV–Vis DRS Study

Liu

Pei

Liu³

et al. 2020

Minerals

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Sulfidization is required in the amine flotation of smithsonite; however, the sulfidization mechanism of smithsonite is still not fully understood. In this work, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–vis DRS) were used to characterize sulfidized and unsulfidized smithsonite. The XPS and UV–vis DRS analyses showed that smithsonite sulfidization is a transformation of ZnCO3 to ZnS on the smithsonite surfaces. However, this transformation is localized, resulting in the coexistence of ZnCO3 and ZnS or in the formation of ZnS island structures on the sulfidized smithsonite surfaces. AFM height imaging showed that sulfidization can substantially change the surface morphology of smithsonite; in addition, AFM phase imaging demonstrated that sulfidization occurs locally on the smithsonite surfaces. Based on our findings, it can be concluded that smithsonite sulfidization is clearly a heterogeneous solid–liquid reaction in which the solid product attaches at the surfaces of unreacted smithsonite. Smithsonite sulfidization involves heterogeneous nucleation and growth of ZnS nuclei. Moreover, the ZnS might nucleate and grow preferentially in the regions with high reactivity, which might account for the formation of ZnS island structures. In addition, sphalerite-structured ZnS is more likely to be the sulfidization product of smithsonite under flotation-relevantconditions, as also demonstrated by the results of our UV–vis DRS analyses. The results of this study can provide deeper insights into the sulfidization mechanism of smithsonite.

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Section: Xps Measurementcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improved Understanding of the Sulfidization Mechanism in Amine Flotation of Smithsonite: An XPS, AFM and UV–Vis DRS Study

Liu

Pei

Liu³

et al. 2020

Minerals

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“…A sufficient amount of S 2− on the surface of hemimorphite is beneficial for the subsequent activation of heavy-metal ions and adsorption of collectors. Additionally, the amount of residual S in the Pb 2+ -pretreated solution was smaller than that in the untreated solution; thus, the competitive adsorption of xanthate was relatively low [23][24][25]. These phenomena are consistent with microflotation.…”

Section: Adsorption Experimentssupporting

confidence: 66%

Strengthening Sulfidation Flotation of Hemimorphite via Pretreatment with Pb2+

et al. 2019

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The conventional sulfidation-xanthate flotation process that consists of sulfidization with sodium sulfide, activation by heavy-metal ions, and collection with xanthate is not sufficiently efficient for treating hemimorphite, and the dosages of the sulfurizing reagent and metal ions are large. In this study, the sulfidation flotation (Pb 2+ + Na 2 S + Pb 2+ + xanthate) of hemimorphite was strengthened by pretreating with Pb 2+ before sulfidation. Microflotation test results indicated that the recovery of hemimorphite increased by 5-10% after pretreatment with Pb 2+ . The comprehensive results of adsorption experiments, scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that a large amount of Pb 2+ was adsorbed on the hemimorphite surface and entered the lattice, forming Zn (4−x) Pb x Si 2 O 7 (OH) 2 ·H 2 O. The newly formed component had an increased amount of surface sulfidation active sites and had the effect of induced crystallization, making the surface more effective for sulfidation. After the Pb 2+ was added to the pulp, a large number of uniform and dense PbS species were formed on the hemimorphite surface, increasing the number of adsorption sites for xanthate and reducing the competitive adsorption of residual S 2− on the xanthate.

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“…As mentioned above, the oxidized mineral is more difficult to float than the sulfide mineral, due to the greater solubility of the surface of the oxidized mineral than that of the sulfide mineral in solution [6,7]. Consequently, collector molecules are unable to adsorb onto the surface of the oxidized mineral in a stable manner [8]. According to the literature, direct flotation and sulfurized flotation are the main methods used to process oxidized zinc minerals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mechanism for the Adsorption of 2-(Hexadecanoylamino)Acetic Acid by Smithsonite: Surface Spectroscopy and Microflotation Experiments

Liu

et al. 2018

Minerals

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Zinc is mostly extracted from oxidized zinc and zinc sulfide minerals, and this process involves flotation as a key step. While it is easier to float the sulfide mineral, its consumption and depletion has led to an increased reliance on oxidized zinc minerals, including smithsonite. Hence, the development of efficient ways of collecting smithsonite by flotation is an important objective. Herein, we describe the use of 2-(hexadecanoylamino)acetic acid (HAA), a novel surfactant, as a collector during smithsonite flotation. The mechanism and flotation performance of HAA during smithsonite flotation was investigated by total organic carbon (TOC) content studies, zeta potential measurements, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses, combined with microflotation experiments. The flotation results revealed that HAA was an excellent collector in pulp over a wide pH range (9–12) and at a relatively low concentration (2 × 10−4 mol/L), at which a recovery of close to 90% of the smithsonite mineral was obtained. TOC content studies revealed that the good flotation recovery was ascribable to large amounts of collector molecule adsorbed on the smithsonite surface, while zeta potential measurements showed that the HAA was chemically adsorbed onto the smithsonite. FTIR and XPS analyses revealed that the HAA collector molecules adsorbed onto the smithsonite surface as zinc–HAA complexes involving carboxylate moieties and Zn sites on the smithsonite surface in alkaline solution.

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Study on the sulfidation behavior of smithsonite

Cited by 81 publications

References 15 publications

Improved Understanding of the Sulfidization Mechanism in Amine Flotation of Smithsonite: An XPS, AFM and UV–Vis DRS Study

Improved Understanding of the Sulfidization Mechanism in Amine Flotation of Smithsonite: An XPS, AFM and UV–Vis DRS Study

Strengthening Sulfidation Flotation of Hemimorphite via Pretreatment with Pb2+

A Mechanism for the Adsorption of 2-(Hexadecanoylamino)Acetic Acid by Smithsonite: Surface Spectroscopy and Microflotation Experiments

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