Study on the Soy Protein-Based Adhesive Cross-Linked by Glyoxal

Wu, Zhigang; Liang, Jiankun; Lei, Hong; Zhang, Bengang; Xi, Xuedong; Li, Lifen

doi:10.32604/jrm.2021.013655

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In the resole resin solutions, aldehydes can also react with the catalyst (sodium hydroxide) and be converted to their conjugated bases (reducing the pH). In glyoxal-containing resins, a higher rate of Cannizzaro reaction leads to the production of glycolic acid, which can consume hydroxyl ions and produce glycolate anions (Scheme B) . Thus, controlling the pH in a glyoxal-based resin is crucial to ensure that the reaction is happening in alkaline conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lignin-Glyoxal: A Fully Biobased Formaldehyde-Free Wood Adhesive for Interior Engineered Wood Products

Siahkamari

Emmanuel

Hodge

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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In this study, a biobased phenolic adhesive was successfully developed by entirely substituting both petroleumbased phenol and formaldehyde with an unmodified corn stover biorefinery lignin and glyoxal (a biobased dialdehyde), respectively. Lignin-glyoxal resins were synthesized using an alkaline catalyst with a molar ratio of lignin to glyoxal of 1:2. Chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the lignin, lignin-based resins, and final adhesives were assessed following appropriate standard test methods. The analysis of lignins and lignin-based resin molar mass was performed using gel permeation chromatography. The ligninglyoxal resin was found to have a 3-fold higher average molecular weight than the starting lignin, demonstrating the successful integration of lignin into the polymeric resin network. The curing of the formulated adhesives was studied using differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. Although the lignin-glyoxal resin had a higher curing temperature (167 °C) than a conventional phenol-formaldehyde resin (142 °C) and the formulated lignin-formaldehyde resin (146 °C), the rate and degree of cure were similar or better than the other two resins. The adhesion strengths of the formulated adhesives were determined using single-lap-joint veneer samples cured according to recommended press parameters for commercial adhesives. The lignin-glyoxal adhesive had a relatively high dry adhesion strength (3.9 MPa), with over 90% wood failure, but failed the wet adhesion test (boiling water test). Although the formulated lignin-glyoxal adhesive failed the boiling water test, it had excellent stability at room temperature water, remaining intact after 1 week during the water immersion test. The high dry adhesion strength makes this class of lignin-based formaldehyde-free adhesives a unique biobased glue for the production of interior grade plywood and oriented strand boards.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In glyoxal-containing resins, a higher rate of Cannizzaro reaction leads to the production of glycolic acid, which can consume hydroxyl ions and produce glycolate anions (Scheme 1B). 45 Thus, controlling the pH in a glyoxal- based resin is crucial to ensure that the reaction is happening in alkaline conditions.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin-Glyoxal: A Fully Biobased Formaldehyde-Free Wood Adhesive for Interior Engineered Wood Products

Siahkamari

Emmanuel

Hodge

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…In basic conditions, glyoxal is transformed into glycolate (CH 2 OHCOOH) and therefore, the reaction between amino groups of protein and glyoxal is favourable under alkaline conditions. This crosslinking reaction leads to enhanced mechanical performance and water resistance with high crosslinking density and cohesive strength of the particles (Wu et al, 2021). Therefore, decreased hydration in aqueous (PBS) solution might have led to decreased size of FA-CP particles.…”

Section: Particle Size Pdi and Zeta-potential Of Submicron Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of matrix composition on stability, release and bioaccessibility of encapsulated folic acid

2022

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Folic acid is a fast degradable vitamin, hence showing reducing functionality. Therefore, engineering of an efficacious vehicle for oral delivery of folic acid via encapsulation using an appropriate matrix is important. As eligible matrices, alginate and chickpea protein were compared in terms of stability, release kinetics, transport mechanism and bioaccessibility. Both matrices yielded particles of submicron-range with high encapsulation efficiency. Stability, in vitro release and bioaccessibility studies displayed reduced degradation, protection against gastric pH and increased bioaccessibility (80%) by alginate particles. The protein matrix also displayed slower release and higher bioaccessibility of folic acid compared to the free compound. Release of folic acid from alginate particles showed Fickian diffusion, while release from chickpea protein particles showed quasi Fickian diffusion and super case II transport mechanism at gastric and intestinal pHs, respectively. In conclusion, alginate particles were superior in affording thermal and photo stability, pH dependent release and higher bioaccessibility.

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“…A lot of research has been conducted to improve the wet strength of protein-based adhesives by adding active substances that crosslink protein functional groups [ 5 , 11 , 12 ]. Compared to formaldehyde, glyoxal is less toxic and less volatile [ 13 ]. Glyoxal is a bi-functional aldehyde, which is studied as a crosslinking agent for other bio-based adhesives, such as tannin [ 14 , 15 ] or lignin-based [ 16 ] ones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Adhesives: Investigation of Factors Affecting Wet Strength of Alkaline Treated Proteins Crosslinked with Glyoxal

2022

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Proteins obtained as side-products from starch production (potato and corn proteins) were investigated for wood adhesives application. To improve the wet strength of protein-based adhesives, glyoxal was added as a crosslinking agent. The effect of glyoxal on the wet strength of protein-based adhesives was investigated at different pH, protein: glyoxal ratios and solid content. The alkaline pretreatment of proteins was carried out by two different methods which reduced the molecular weight of proteins to different extents. The effect of molecular weight reduction on the wet strength of protein-glyoxal adhesives was also observed. It was found that pH level affects wet strength more significantly compared to solid content and protein-to-crosslinker ratio. Potato and corn proteins crosslinked with glyoxal showed maximal wet strength results in an acidic pH range

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Study on the Soy Protein-Based Adhesive Cross-Linked by Glyoxal

Cited by 18 publications

References 39 publications

Lignin-Glyoxal: A Fully Biobased Formaldehyde-Free Wood Adhesive for Interior Engineered Wood Products

Lignin-Glyoxal: A Fully Biobased Formaldehyde-Free Wood Adhesive for Interior Engineered Wood Products

Effect of matrix composition on stability, release and bioaccessibility of encapsulated folic acid

Protein Adhesives: Investigation of Factors Affecting Wet Strength of Alkaline Treated Proteins Crosslinked with Glyoxal

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