Study on the Significance of Temporal Ion Chemistry in Groundwater of Dindigul District, Tamilnadu, India

Abstract

The demand of water supply is increasing day by day to meet the pace of developments in domestic, agricultural and industrial sectors especially in developing countries like India. Groundwater being a scarce commodity in a hard rock terrain like Dindigul district an attempt has been made in this study brings out the significance of temporal ion chemistry in groundwater by collecting groundwater from 43 different location of the district and analysed for major and minor ions. These ions were then used for the irrigation classification of groundwater and to bring out the mechanisms responsible of the water chemistry of the region during different seasons.

Origin of high fluoride in groundwater of the Tuticorin district, Tamil Nadu, India

“…The pH increases from 6 to 9.4 (Fig. 6) type (Manivannan et al 2010;Singaraja et al 2014). These imply that higher pCO 2 leads to higher bicarbonate concentrations in the groundwater, which in turn enhances the release of F − due to higher rock-water interactions under long residence time.…”

“…9). Lithologically, the highest F − and HCO contents in groundwater occur in the northern part of the Tuticorin District due to HBG and charnockites geology (Manivannan et al 2010;Manikandan et al 2014). In the northern part of the Tuticorin District, the groundwater flow paths are longer and hence will have longer residence time and higher degree of rock-water interactions.…”

“…It is also implicit that the similar lithology from the nearby district and furthermore hard rock terrains are usually reported to have high concentrations of fluoride and bicarbonate in groundwater Manikandan et al 2014). In addition, higher concentrations of F − and HCO − 3 could possibly come from hornblende biotite gneiss (HBG) and charnockites subjected to weathering in hard rock terrain Manivannan et al 2010;Subba Rao et al 2016 contaminations are present in the groundwater in the various districts of Tamil Nadu State, India. Tuticorin district in Tamil Nadu is one such big area where high concentrations of fluoride and bicarbonate are present in groundwater.…”