Study on the scanning protocols for measuring bone mineral density by gemstone CT spectral imaging based on European spine phantom

Abstract

Background Gemstone spectral computed tomography (GSCT) has been used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) in human vertebrae and animal models gradually. Purpose To investigate the effect of scanning protocols for BMD measurements by GSCT using the European spine phantom (ESP) and its accuracy and precision. Material and Methods The ESP number 145 containing three hydroxyapatite (HAP) inserts with densities of 50, 100, and 200 mg/cm3 were labeled as L1, L2, and L3, respectively. Quantitative CT (QCT) protocol and 14 groups of scanning protocols configured by GSCT were used to repeatedly scan the ESP 10 times. Their measurements were compared with the true values of ESP and their relative standard deviation and relative error were calculated. Results The measured values of the three inserts at different exposure levels were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The measured values in the 0.8 s/r 260 mA group, 0.5 s/r 630 mA group, and 0.6 s/r 640 mA group were not significantly different from the actual ESP values for L1 and L2. However, the measured values at all the parameters were significantly different from the actual values for the L3. Conclusion CT gemstone spectral imaging can accurately and quantitatively measure the HAP value of ESP, but the results of BMD will be affected by the scanning protocols. The best scanning parameter of ESP measured by GSCT was 0.8 s/r 260 mA, taking dose into consideration, and the measurement accuracy of vertebrae with low BMD was higher than that of QCT under this parameter.

The new fast kilovoltage-switching dual-energy computed tomography for measuring bone mineral density

“…In another ESP-based study by Huang et al (8), the largest REs for V1, V2, and V3 were 39.74%, 24.48%, and 20.56%, respectively. The differences in results might The values for age are presented as mean ± standard deviation; the values for sex are presented as a number (%).…”

“…In another ESP-based study by Huang et al ( 8 ), the largest REs for V1, V2, and V3 were 39.74%, 24.48%, and 20.56%, respectively. The differences in results might have occurred because traditional switching DECT was employed by Huang et al ( 8 ), whereas the new FSDECT was used in the present study.…”

“…have occurred because traditional switching DECT was employed by Huang et al (8), whereas the new FSDECT was used in the present study. Technical advances have helped achieve improved quantification accuracy with the newer FSDECT scanner; these advances include more powerful tubes, more advanced detectors, and superior X-ray spectral properties (15).…”

“…Previous studies have explored the use of fast kilovoltage (kV)-switching dual-energy computed tomography (CT; FSDECT) to measure BMD (6)(7)(8)(9). The new FSDECT technology has enabled ultrafast kV and milliamperage (mA) synchronized switching to achieve almost simultaneous dual-energy data acquisition.…”