Study on the resonance Rayleigh scattering and resonance non‐linear scattering spectra of ion‐association complexes of [PdI₄]²⁻‐protein systems and their analytical applications

Abstract

In an acid medium solution, proteins such as bovine serum albumin, human serum albumin, ovalbumin, hemoglobin, lysozyme, gamma-globulin, alpha-chymotrypsin and papain could react with [PdI(4)](2-) by virtue of electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic force to form ion-association complexes. As a result, the resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) and resonance nonlinear scattering such as second-order scattering (SOS) and frequency doubling scattering (FDS) intensities were enhanced greatly and new scattering spectra appeared. The maximum scattering peaks of RRS, SOS and FDS were at 367, 720 and 370 nm, respectively. The enhanced RRS, SOS and FDS intensities were directly proportional to the concentrations of proteins. The detection limits for the different proteins were 2.4-11.8 ng/mL for RRS method, 9.5-47.9 ng/mL for SOS method and 4.6-18.5 ng/mL for FDS method. In this work, the influences of the interaction of [PdI(4)](2-) with proteins on spectral characteristics of RRS, SOS and FDS were investigated and the optimum conditions were tested. Meanwhile, the effects of coexisting substances were tested and the results showed that the method exhibited a good selectivity. Based on the above research, a highly sensitive, simple and rapid method for the determination of trace amounts of proteins by resonance light scattering technique has been developed. It can be applied to the determination of proteins in tablet, human serum and urine samples.

The interaction between furosemide-palladium (II) chelate and basic triphenylmethane dyes by resonance Rayleigh scattering spectra and resonance non-linear scattering spectra and their analytical applications

“…The formation of the hydrophobic interface was profitable to the enhancement of RRS. The formation of the hydrophobic interface was advantageous to the formation of a scattering effect of surface enhancement [32,48]. Affected by all the above factors, the RRS intensities of the productions were significantly enhanced.…”

“…It has been applied to the analysis of macromolecules such as nucleic acids [30,31], proteins [32,33] and heparin [34,35] and the analysis of trace inorganic ions [36,37], organic compounds [38] and drugs [39]. Our experiment discovered that, in near acid to neutral medium, FUR could react with Pd(II) to form a 1:1 anionic chelate which caused the change of absorption spectra with low sensitivity.…”

Analytical Application of Resonance Rayleigh Scattering, Frequency Doubling Scattering, and Second-Order Scattering Spectra for the Sodium Alginate-CTAB System

“…These two kinds of scattering were non-linear optical phenomena, which were studied as new spectral phenomena and analytical techniques in 1995 (S. P. Liu, Liu, and Li 1995). These new analytical techniques were applied successfully to the determination of proteins (Long, Zhang, and Bi 2004;J. G. Luo et al 2008), polysaccharides (H. Q.…”