Study on the relationship between milk immune factors and 
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> intramammary infections in dairy cows

Piccinini, R.; Bronzo, V.; Moroni, P.; Luzzago, C.; Zecconi, A.

doi:10.1017/s0022029999003751

Cited by 32 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The influence of different herd IMI prevalence on this result could be hypothesised. Indeed, the role of the pathogens in eliciting different levels of immune response has been demonstrated [14,22]. However, in our study, the differences observed in immune parameters were not statistically associated with the different bacteria isolated (data not shown).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

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Comparison of blood and milk non-specific immune parameters in heifers after calving in relation to udder health

et al. 2005

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-A practical protocol to study udder immune status in field conditions was planned with the aim to assess different non-specific immune parameters in milk samples from dairy heifers during the periparturient period. Five herds located in northern Italy were selected and overall 39 heifers were enrolled in the trial. Milk samples were taken at 7, 14, 21, 28, 45, 60, and 75 days after calving. The parameters assessed were N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAGase), lysozyme, respiratory burst (RB), somatic cell counts (SCC) and serum protein profile. SCC and NAGase were higher in the first sampling after calving, while lysozyme showed large variations during the observation period without a definite trend. The levels of RB observed in the first two weeks after calving, even if lower, were not statistically different from the values observed in samples taken over the following weeks. This study confirmed that the levels of immune components in milk are different from what is observed at blood level in the same cow. A significant decrease in RB in milk polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) post-calving was not observed; milk PMN from healthy cows showed low RB levels, while the values from infected quarters were significantly higher. Significant differences between healthy and infected animals were also observed for milk NAG, lactoglobulin and albumin. These data suggest that udder immune response could be influenced both by the cow immune status and by external factors such as pathogens and management. Therefore, the reduction in immune defences, particularly in heifers, is not unavoidable and methods to boost PMN activity should be explored.heifers / periparturient period / blood milk / non-specific immunity

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…Distribution of quarter health status among herds and samplings (%). Quarter status is defined according to [22].…”

Section: Factors Influencing Non-specific Immune Parameters In Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of blood and milk non-specific immune parameters in heifers after calving in relation to udder health

et al. 2005

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“…Bovine blood and milk PMN ROS production can be measured by chemiluminescence (CL; see [157][158][159]), which is associated with the bactericidal capacity of PMN [3,84,187,249]. Studies on CL kinetics in PMN revealed extra-and intracellular events during ROS production [25,49,69,73].…”

Section: Severity Of E Coli Mastitis In Dairy Cows 531mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A crucial aspect of mammary gland non specific defence status is milk PMN viability, which is influenced by (patho)physiological conditions of the gland [157,158,161,187]. Apoptotic PMN are removed through phagocytosis by macrophages.…”

Section: Pmn Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Severity of E. coli mastitis is mainly determined by cow factors

et al. 2003

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-Intramammary infections of dairy cows with Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (major cause of mastitis) have received a lot of attention because of their major economic impact on the dairy farm through production losses induced by an increase in somatic cell count. Management strategies, including greater awareness for efficient milking and hygienic measures, have limited the spread of Gram-positive bacteria and resulted in a significant decrease of proportion of S. aureus isolates and subclinical mastitis worldwide. Other organisms such as coliform subspecies and Streptococcus uberis, both environmental bacteria that cause clinical mastitis, have received less attention. Escherichia coli causes inflammation of the mammary gland in dairy cows around parturition and during early lactation with striking local and sometimes severe systemic clinical symptoms. This disease affects many high producing cows in dairy herds and may cause several cases of death per year in the most severe cases. It is well known that bacterial, cow and environmental factors are interdependent and influence mastitis susceptibility. Many studies, executed during the last decade, indicate that the severity of E. coli mastitis is mainly determined by cow factors rather than by E. coli pathogenicity. During E. coli mastitis, the host defense status is a cardinal factor determining the outcome of the disease. Today, we know that the neutrophil is a key factor in the cows' defense against intramammary infection with E. coli. Effective elimination of the pathogen by neutrophils is important for the resolution of infection and the outcome of E. coli mastitis. This review is a compilation of some major findings over the last 15 years concerning mainly host factors that modulate and influence neutrophil function and the mammary inflammatory reaction. The individual chapters address: virulence factors of E. coli strains, how neutrophils kill E. coli, connection between endotoxins, tumor necrosis factor-a and nitric oxide, severity classification of E. coli mastitis, lifespan of neutrophils, host factors that influence severity, tissue damage and production loss.

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“…Adherence of bovine PMN to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin and thrombospondin) reduce ROS production after exposure to inflammatory mediators PAF, TNF and IL-8, whereas adherence to heparan sulfate proteoglycan enhances ROS production [22]. In a field study involving 70 lactating dairy cows, depressed milk PMN CL activity was associated with intramammary infection by S. aureus [139], and suggest a relationship between PMN CL and susceptibility to intramammary infection by S. aureus. Such a relationship suggests that intramammary infection may be controlled through enhancement of PMN CL activity.…”

Section: Bactericidal and Respiratory Burst Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The bovine neutrophil: Structure and function in blood and milk

Paape¹,

Bannerman²,

et al. 2003

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-Migration of polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMN) into the mammary gland provide the first line of defense against invading mastitis pathogens. Bacteria release potent toxins that activate white blood cells and epithelial cells in the mammary gland to secrete cytokines that recruit PMN that function as phagocytes at the site of infection. While freshly migrated PMN are active phagocytes, continued exposure of PMN to inhibitory factors in milk such as fat globules and casein, leads to altered PMN morphology and reduced phagocytosis. In the course of phagocytosing and destroying invading pathogens, PMN release chemicals that not only kill the pathogens but that also cause injury to the delicate lining of the mammary gland. This will result in permanent scarring and reduced numbers of milk secretory cells. The life span of PMN is limited by the onset of apoptosis. To minimize damage to mammary tissue, PMN undergo a specialized process of programmed cell death known as apoptosis. Macrophages quickly engulf and phagocytose apoptotic PMN, thereby minimizing the release of PMN granular contents that are damaging to tissue. The PMN possess an array of cell surface receptors that allow them to adhere and migrate through endothelium and to recognize and phagocytose bacteria. One receptor found on phagocytes that is receiving considerable attention in the control of infections by Gram-negative bacteria is CD14. Binding of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to membrane bound CD14 causes release of tumor necrosis factor-a and sepsis. Binding of LPS to soluble CD14 shed from CD14-bearing cells results in neutralization of LPS and rapid recruitment of PMN to the site of infection. Recent advances in the fields of genomics and proteomics should greatly enhance our understanding of the PMN role in controlling intramammary infections in ruminants. Further, manipulation of PMN, through either recombinant proteins such as soluble CD14 that enhance PMN response or agents that mediate PMN apoptosis, may serve as novel therapeutics for the treatment of mastitis.

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Study on the relationship between milk immune factors and Staphylococcus aureus intramammary infections in dairy cows

Cited by 32 publications

References 2 publications

Comparison of blood and milk non-specific immune parameters in heifers after calving in relation to udder health

Comparison of blood and milk non-specific immune parameters in heifers after calving in relation to udder health

Severity of E. coli mastitis is mainly determined by cow factors

The bovine neutrophil: Structure and function in blood and milk

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