Study on the Relationship between Unexplained Recurrent Abortion and HLA-DQ Gene Polymorphism

Abstract

Objective. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between human leukocyte antigen (HLA-DQB1) gene variants and recurrent miscarriage. Methods. HLA-DQ gene polymorphisms (PCR-SSP) were detected in 50 couples with recurrent miscarriage (URSA group) and 30 couples with normal births (control group) using sequence-specific primer-guided polymerase chain reaction. Results. The frequency of the DQB1 ∗ 0303 allele in the URSA group (21.50%) was substantially higher than that of the control group (11.67%) ( P = 0.0260 0.05, RR = 1.754); however, the frequency of the DQB1 ∗ 0302 allele in the URSA group (4.00%) was substantially lower than that of the control pair (10.00%) ( P = 0.0318 0.05, RR = 0.400); the frequency of sharing one allele was 46.00% (23/50) in the URSA group and 0.00% (0/30) in the normal control group; the frequency of sharing two alleles was 40.00% (2/50) in the URSA group and 43.33% (13/30) in the normal control group, with no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion. For the Zhejiang population, HLA-DQB1 ∗ 0303 may be a susceptibility gene for recurrent miscarriage, while HLA-DQB1 ∗ 0302 may be protective against recurrent miscarriage, especially for women.

Maternal HLA class II alleles and haplotypes associated with altered risk of recurrent pregnancy loss: A case‐control study

“…Consistent with our earlier finding on Lebanese women, no specific DQB1 alleles were found to be linked with RPL among Tunisian women 5 . This was in prominent contrast to Chinese, 52 Danish, 27 Kazakh, 40 and South Indian 25 studies, which described an association of DQB1*03 40,52 and DQB1*05 27,53 with altered risk of RPL. On the other hand, DPB1*01:01:01 was positively associated, while both DPB1*04:01:01 and DPB1*14:01:01 were negatively associated with RPL in our study cohort.…”

FOXP3 gene polymorphisms increase the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus in a Han Chinese population

“…As for FOXP3 -924 (A > G) and -6054 (del > ATT), those SNPs were not associated with immunological indices. Although -6054 (del > ATT) has been associated with other autoimmune diseases [ 30 ], the genetic mutations alone do not have much effect [ 33 ]. Since a combined analysis can better understand the role of FOXP3 variants in SLE, we studied the association of FOXP3 haplotype with immunological indices.…”

“…The Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was evaluated in the control group using Pearson’s Chi-square test, with an HWE analysis with a p value exceeding .05, suggesting that the population under study is representative [ 28 ]. Besides, the Chi-square test was employed to compare the distribution frequencies of genotypes and alleles, with a significance level set at p < .05 [ 29 ], aiming to evaluate the association between FOXP3 polymorphisms (-3279 C/A, -924 A/G and -6054 del/ATT) and SLE risk [ 30 ]. Furthermore, gender-based subgroup analysis was performed to investigate the potential gender-specific associations of FOXP3 polymorphisms with SLE susceptibility.…”

Retracted: Study on the Relationship between Unexplained Recurrent Abortion and HLA‐DQ Gene Polymorphism

“…This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [ 1 ]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process: Discrepancies in scope Discrepancies in the description of the research reported Discrepancies between the availability of data and the research described Inappropriate citations Incoherent, meaningless and/or irrelevant content included in the article Peer-review manipulation …”

“…Tis article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [1]. Tis investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process:…”