Study on the related problems of lead-barium imitating-jade glass in the Warring States period of China

Wang, Rong; Xu, Yiwen; Zhou, Xubo

doi:10.1007/s12520-022-01628-w

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The existence of glass Jue is likely to be the result of using glass to imitate the shape of jade. The leadbarium glass industry was set up in the middle of the Warring States Period (about 400-300BCE), most of which were used to imitate some shape of jade objects, such as Bi, ring, sword ornament, cicada and so on (Wang et al 2022). In ancient China, glass was considered as a material to imitate jade.…”

Section: Cultural Exchanges Between China and Southeast Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific research on glass Jue found in the Iron Age of Southeast Asia and its indications for contacts with China

Huang,

Li,

Dong

et al. 2023

Preprint

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In this paper, 44 glass Jue collected in Southeast Asia have been scientifically studied by means of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), optical coherence tomography (OCT), optical microscopy (OM) and confocal laser Raman microspectroscopy(LRS). Chemical compositions, phase components, internal physical structures and surface micromorphology of the Jue samples are obtained. According to the scientific analysis results, the glass types of the Jue samples can be classified into three types, potash glass, soda-alumina glass and potash-lead glass. 42 samples belong to potash glass, and the 2 samples left belong to soda-alumina glass and potash-lead glass, respectively. Two subgroups, m-K-Al subgroup and m-K-Ca-Al subgroup, are found for potash glass. Only 4 potash glass samples belong to m-K-Ca-Al subgroup, the others are m-K-Al subgroup potash glass. Drawing, casting and cold-working techniques were applied during the process of glass making. Samples are colored by iron ions, or colored by iron and copper ions, except for one sample(SEAG-031) which is opacified by lead tin yellow. Combining with the glass types, shapes, traditions and distributions of Jue, the origins of the raw materials and productions centers for the glass Jue samples collected in Southeast Asia are discussed. The contacts between China and Southeast Asia/South Asia are also discussed. The results obtained in this paper shed some new lights on contacts between China and other countries along the Maritime Silk Road.

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Section: Cultural Exchanges Between China and Southeast Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific research on glass Jue found in the Iron Age of Southeast Asia and its indications for contacts with China

Huang,

Li,

Dong

et al. 2023

Preprint

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show abstract

“…Domestic production of glass mainly contains PbO, BaO, known as lead barium glass. But Southeast Asia and South Asia tend to add plant ash as flux in the production process, and produce high-potassium glass with high potassium content [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the correlation degree of chemical elements of glass based on grey theory

Zhang

Yan

et al. 2023

International Conference on Pure, Applied, and Computational Mathematics (PACM 2023)

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In order to classify glass samples with known chemical composition, this paper adopts K-Means clustering analysis algorithm. By distinguishing the main element content of the two kinds of glass, we have made a subclassification under the major category. The high potassium glass is divided into high silica low potassium oxide group and low silica high potassium oxide group. Lead barium glass can be divided into low barium oxide low phosphorus pentoxide group and high barium oxide high phosphorus pentoxide group. Therefore, after the content of various elements of various glass is obtained, the grey correlation analysis model is used to make the data of each chemical component as the parent sequence and the other chemical components as the sub-sequence to solve the grey correlation coefficient of pair chemical components successively, so as to further analyze the correlation between their chemical components. Therefore, after the completion of the subclassification, it is helpful for archaeologists to distinguish the glass cultural relics after weathering. With the analysis of grey relational degree, the composition relationship of ancient glass relics can be further explored.

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Study on the related problems of lead-barium imitating-jade glass in the Warring States period of China

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Scientific research on glass Jue found in the Iron Age of Southeast Asia and its indications for contacts with China

Scientific research on glass Jue found in the Iron Age of Southeast Asia and its indications for contacts with China

Study on the correlation degree of chemical elements of glass based on grey theory

Faience and Egyptian blue frit from Khorasan: Scientific analysis on beads unearthed from Se Tepe site, northeast Iran

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