Study on the photocatalytic degradation of metronidazole antibiotic in aqueous media with TiO2 under lab and pilot scale

Lykos, Christos; Kourkouta, Theodora; Konstantinou, Ioannis

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161877

Cited by 17 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 49 publications

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“…Based on the resulting acute and chronic toxicity values, each compound was classified as either very toxic (LC 50 , EC 50 , ChV ≤ 1 mg L −1 ), toxic (1 mg L −1 < LC 50 , EC 50 , ChV ≤ 10 mg L −1 ), harmful (10 mg L −1 < LC 50 , EC 50 , ChV ≤ 100 mg L −1 ), or not harmful (LC 50 , EC 50 , ChV ≥ 100 mg L −1 ) to the corresponding trophic level according to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) [ 121 ]. Also, to make these data (to some extent) comparable with the Microtox bioassay results, LC 50 values for daphnids were mainly assessed, as the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri is considered biologically more similar to this class of zooplanktonic crustaceans compared to fish and green algae [ 122 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Composite WO3 Fibers/g-C3N4 Photocatalysts for the Removal of the Insecticide Clothianidin in Aquatic Media

Lykos,

Bairamis,

Efthymiou

et al. 2024

Nanomaterials

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Photocatalysis is a prominent alternative wastewater treatment technique that has the potential to completely degrade pesticides as well as other persistent organic pollutants, leading to detoxification of wastewater and thus paving the way for its efficient reuse. In addition to the more conventional photocatalysts (e.g., TiO2, ZnO, etc.) that utilize only UV light for activation, the interest of the scientific community has recently focused on the development and application of visible light-activated photocatalysts like g-C3N4. However, some disadvantages of g-C3N4, such as the high recombination rate of photogenerated charges, limit its utility. In this light, the present study focuses on the synthesis of WO3 fibers/g-C3N4 Z-scheme heterojunctions to improve the efficiency of g-C3N4 towards the photocatalytic removal of the widely used insecticide clothianidin. The effect of two different g-C3N4 precursors (urea and thiourea) and of WO3 fiber content on the properties of the synthesized composite materials was also investigated. All aforementioned materials were characterized by a number of techniques (XRD, SEM-EDS, ATR-FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, DRS, etc.). According to the results, mixing 6.5% W/W WO3 fibers with either urea or thiourea derived g-C3N4 significantly increased the photocatalytic activity of the resulting composites compared to the precursor materials. In order to further elucidate the effect of the most efficient composite photocatalyst in the degradation of clothianidin, the generated transformation products were tentatively identified through UHPLC tandem high-resolution mass spectroscopy. Finally, the detoxification effect of the most efficient process was also assessed by combining the results of an in-vitro methodology and the predictions of two in-silico tools.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%