“…Sandstone reservoirs with bottom water drive are important parts of unconventional petroleum resources, which are characterized by early water breakthrough, short water-free oil recovery period, rapid water cut increase, and strong heterogeneity. − With large scale and high abundance, bottom water reservoirs are strictly controlled by structure, stratum, and other conventional traps. Since natural interbeds between sandstone reservoirs and the bottom aquifer are usually weak or absent, water can easily intrude the production wells and the oil/water interface moves toward the wellbore. , Once water breakthrough occurs, the water cut increases significantly, which inhibits the flow of oil, and a large amount of residual oil remains in the middle and upper part of the reservoir, reducing production efficiency. − Therefore, the exploitation of sandstone reservoirs with bottom water drive suffers from the bottom water coning and huge production cost issues. − …”