“…Model analysis has been adopted to study the power flow equations in [4]. Jacobian indices are proposed in [5] which include ratios of various norms and ratios of weighted singular values. Tie‐flow deviation index and the rate of change of frequency (Rocof) index are introduced for a security‐constrained multi‐objective framework with the unit commitment for day‐ahead joint market‐clearing in multi‐area electricity markets [6].…”