Study on the Incidence of the Carotico-Clinoid Foramen in the South Indian Dry Adult Skulls: A Cross-Sectional Study

Bansode, Saurabh A; Devadas, P; Vinila, B H Shiny

doi:10.16965/ijar.2017.247

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…2 A racial variation has also been reported regarding CCF, which shows highest incidence in Turkish population (35-67%) followed by Japanese (9.9%) and Brazilians (2.5%). 6 In addition it was found more frequent on the right side (9.2%) than on the left (5.5%) 10 . Moreover regarding the sexual variations, reports were contradictory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Rare Case of Bilateral Coexistence of Caroticoclinoid Foramen, InterClinoid Bar and Posterior Clinoid Foramen in a Dry Human Skull

Daimi¹,

Alsaffar²

2020

jemds

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The superior surface of the body of the sphenoid is centrally occupied by sella turcica. The sella turcica has median depression called as hypophysial fossa; its anterior border is formed by tuburculum sella and posterior by dorsum sellae. It is surrounded by two anterior and posterior clinoid processes at its corners. Some parts of the sphenoid bone are connected by the ligaments that occasionally ossify. 1 These ligaments have important relations with the surround vascular and neuronal structures. Hence such altered anatomy leads to difficulties or serious complications during surgical approach of this region in various conditions like aneurysm of internal carotid artery (ICA), caroticoclinoid fistula, pituitary adenoma and tuberculum sellae meningiomas etc. Knowledge of such variations would help radiologists and neurosurgeons in accurate diagnosis and treatment of the patients. Caroticoclinoid foramen (CCF) is an inconstant or abnormal anatomical feature formed due to ossification of a ligament between anterior and middle clinoid processes. It was first described by Henle (1855) as quoted by Mallik S and Sawant VG. 2 It was postulated that although ossification of the ligaments is normally age dependent physiological condition but CCF is an exception as its existence is seen even in the fetal and infant skull because of developmental anomaly. 3 The development of the sphenoid bone is complex has 18 or 19 ossification centers which may lead to early ossification of carotico-clinoid ligament. 4 CCF allows the passage of clinoid segment of the internal carotid artery. 5 It may lead to compression, tightening or stretching and cause changes in the artery which reflects in compression of the cavernous sinus 6. CCF may also cause endocrinal problems affecting hypothalamus or hypophysis cerebri and neurological problems by affecting oculomotor nerve, optic nerve or pituitary gland, which manifest in different ways as headache, behavioural changes, hormonal disturbances, visual problems, epileptic seizers, craniofacial disorders and tooth anomalies. 7 Interclinoid osseous bar (ICB) results from ossification of the interclinoid ligament present between anterior and posterior clinoid processes. 8 The osseous bridges represent a developmental anomaly of the embryonic chondrocranium. 4 The ICB can be partial or complete; unilateral or bilateral. 2 ICB may influence structures like trochlear nerve, oculomotor nerve, pituitary gland or remains as a normal variant. ICB is demonstrated radiologically in idiots, criminals, epileptics and cases of mental disorders. 2,8 Posterior clinoid foramen (PCF) is very rare and scarcely mentioned in the literature. Jolly Agarwal and Virendra Kumar recorded it in one specimen unilaterally (2.5%). PCF, when present exists on the sphenoid bone posterior to CCF. It is created between middle and posterior clinoid processes when the interclinoid bar is complete (i.e. between anterior and posterior clinoid processes). 9

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Rare Case of Bilateral Coexistence of Caroticoclinoid Foramen, InterClinoid Bar and Posterior Clinoid Foramen in a Dry Human Skull

Daimi¹,

Alsaffar²

2020

jemds

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“…In the work of Bansode et al (2017), it was reported that, of the 35 skulls studied, only 7 (20 %) presented the CF. In these skulls, 2 (5.7 %/28.6 % -2:35/2:7) had the complete bilateral CF, 2 (5.7 %/28.6 % -2:35/2:7) complete right unilateral, 2 (5.7 %/28.6 % -2:35/2:7) incomplete, in right unilateral and 1 (2.8 %/14.3 % -1:35/1:7) incomplete left unilateral.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Morphometric Analyses of the Caroticoclinoid and Interclinoid Foramina: A Study in Brazilian Dry Skulls

et al. 2021

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The caroticoclinoid (CF) and the interclinoid (IF) foramina are variant formations of the middle cranial fossa, which result from idiopathic and possibly atavistic ossifications of the caroticoclinoid and interclinoid ligaments, respectively. Topographically, these foramina are intimately associated, to varying degrees, depending on their conformations, with the neurovascular elements of the paraclinoid region and have important clinical and surgical significance. Thus, this study, conducted from 38 dry skulls belonging to the shared collection of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares campus, revealed 11 skulls (28.95 %) with one of the two complete formations -the caroticoclinoid or the interclinoid, and in 6 skulls the caroticoclinoid foramen occurred uni or bilaterally. As a result, 50 % of these skulls presented the CF exclusively on the right (or 62.5 % of the total number of variant foramina), with an average transverse diameter of 4.91 mm and 5.8 mm AP (anteroposterior) diameter and an average area of 22.5 mm 2 . Concerning the IF, the findings occurred in 5 skulls with variable distributions between the clinoid processes and lateralities. The average length of the bone bridges in the IF was 7.7 mm. In conclusion, detailed anatomical knowledge of the caroticoclinoid and the interclinoid foramina is fundamental to the practice of neurosurgical procedures, since they have intimate relationships at a location of high structural complexity.

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“…Freire et al studied 80 Brazillian dry skulls and detected this foramen in 6.25% of specimens [10]. Plenty of literature describes the occurrence of this foramen in the Indian population [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. The incidence of this foramen ranges from 6% to 37% in the Indian population.…”

Section: Review Classification and Incidence Of Carotico-clinoid Foramenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotico-Clinoid Foramen and Associated Clinical Significance: Comprehensive Review

Singh¹

2021

Cureus

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The carotico-carotid foramen occurs due to the ossification of the carotico-carotid ligament or dural fold stretching between the anterior and middle clinoid processes. The foramen is closely related to the cavernous sinus, pituitary gland, sphenoidal air sinus, and internal carotid artery irrigating the major part of the cerebrum (part of the brain). Due to the close association of the carotico-clinoid foramen with the aforementioned intracranial structures that may be affected by the formation of an anomalous foramen creating various neurological complications. Therefore, the study was carried out. The aim of the study is to consolidate all the data relating to the carotico-clinoid foramen to make it available to neurosurgeons as a ready reference. For this, the literature was surveyed using various databases, and the terms related to the carotico-clinoid foramen and associated clinical significance have been elucidated. The literature survey brought out that this foramen is congenital in origin and it is of three types, of which the third type is the most dangerous, as it may cause severe hemorrhage, creating a plethora of complications. The other two types may compress the internal carotid artery, causing ischemic changes in the brain. The information provided by this study will be of utmost use to neurosurgeons to carry out surgical interventions in the vicinity of the carotico-clinoid foramen.

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Study on the Incidence of the Carotico-Clinoid Foramen in the South Indian Dry Adult Skulls: A Cross-Sectional Study

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Rare Case of Bilateral Coexistence of Caroticoclinoid Foramen, InterClinoid Bar and Posterior Clinoid Foramen in a Dry Human Skull

Rare Case of Bilateral Coexistence of Caroticoclinoid Foramen, InterClinoid Bar and Posterior Clinoid Foramen in a Dry Human Skull

Morphometric Analyses of the Caroticoclinoid and Interclinoid Foramina: A Study in Brazilian Dry Skulls

Carotico-Clinoid Foramen and Associated Clinical Significance: Comprehensive Review

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