Study on the impacts of chemical and green synthesized (Leucas aspera and oxy-cyclodextrin complex) dietary zinc oxide nanoparticles in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Abstract

The present study was designed to evaluate the health effects of dietary nanozinc prepared by two methods: conventional chemical method and green method. The parameters evaluated were the extent of bioaccumulation, antioxidant status, histological, immunological changes and DNA damage in Nile tilapia fed nanozinc feed. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were first prepared by green and chemical methods. Before feed preparation, the in vitro antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity of both types of nanoparticle solutions were tested and the results revealed enhanced activities in green synthesized ZnO NP solution. After the acclimatization period, 420 Nile tilapias were distributed randomly into 21 glass tanks with 20 fish per tank in triplicates. Fish were fed control diet without any ZnO NP and (i) GT1—green synthesized ZnO NP diet at 100 mg/kg, (ii) CT1—chemically synthesized ZnO NP diet at 100 mg/kg, (iii) GT2—green synthesized ZnO NP diet at 200 mg/kg, (iv) CT2—chemically synthesized ZnO NP diet at 200 mg/kg, (v) GT3—green synthesized ZnO NP diet at 400 mg/kg and (vi) CT3—chemically synthesized ZnO NP diet at 400 mg/kg for 60 days. After 60 days, gill and liver samples were collected for analysing oxidative stress, histopathological alterations and bioaccumulation of zinc, whereas serum samples were collected for evaluating immune response. The results revealed that the GT3 diet significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced the level of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GPx, GR and GSH) than dietary nanozinc prepared by the chemical method. Similarly, the innate immunological parameters were significantly (P < 0.05) augmented in fish fed GT3 diet. Comparative histological study of liver and gill tissues revealed normal architecture in the tissues of fish fed green synthesized NP–enriched feed, whereas the tissues of fish fed chemically synthesized NP feed exhibited histological alterations. Bioaccumulation of zinc was more in the liver followed by the muscle and least in the gills and DNA damage was more evident in fish fed chemically synthesized ZnO NP–enriched feed. In conclusion, the results suggest that the inclusion of 400 mg/kg GT3 diet in fish diet enhanced the level of antioxidant enzymes, boosted immune response and did not cause histological damage to organs, and therefore, GT3 nanofeed can be recommended for fish health improvement.

Green versus Chemical Precipitation Methods of Preparing Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Investigation of Antimicrobial Properties

“…whereby t is the mean dimension of nanoparticles, k is the frequency of radiation, β is the whole width half peak in radians, and θ is the degree diffraction [15][16][17][18]. Avocado, mango, and papaya extracts of green methods have been used to synthesis nanoparticles with mean sizes of 11 nm, 16 nm, and 21 nm, respectively.…”

“…The average sizes of the zinc oxide nanoparticles produced by chemical precipitation methods are seen in Table 2. Based on the foregoing findings, it can be inferred that throughout the instance, green synthesising methods gave smaller nanoparticles which is more applicable for biomedical application [18,19]. extracts.…”

Is the trend toward a sustainable green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles completely safe for Oreochromis niloticus when compared to chemical ones?: using oxidative stress, bioaccumulation, and histological biomarkers

“…GPx is a crucial enzyme detoxifying H 2 O 2 (Temiz and Kargın 2022 ). Additionally, tissue-specific biomarker enzymes (CAT and SOD) are the first oxidative stress defenses (Kurian and Elumalai 2021 ). In this study, after adding (GS and CS) CuO NPs at both concentrations (25 and 50 mg/L) for 4 days, the enzyme parameters (GPx, SOD, and CAT) increased significantly in the examined tissues.…”

Antibacterial and Photodegradation of Organic Dyes Using Lamiaceae-Mediated ZnO Nanoparticles: A Review

“…The synthesis method of ZnO NPs can have an effect on the antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs. This was demonstrated by Kurian and Elumalai [109], who carried out comparative antibacterial activity studies using L. aspera-mediated ZnO NPs and chemically mediated ZnO NPs against G− Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) and G+ Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) using the disc diffusion method. The plant-mediated ZnO NPs exhibited better antibacterial activity against both the G+ and the G− bacteria compared to the chemically derived ZnO NPs.…”