“…The United States evaluates the new-economy improvement in terms of five dimensions: innovation capacity, internationalization, experience of employment, digitalization, and economic progress (Atkinson and Nager, 2014). The Chinese Government has proposed a new notion for development modes, based on which a large number of studies have constructed a comprehensive evaluation system with five sub-indicators (Zhuang and Pan, 2022;Li et al 2022). About YRB, Zhang et al (2023c) established an HD evaluation system from four aspects: resources, ecology, economy, and society.…”