Study on the Hemostasis Characteristics of Biomaterial Frustules Obtained from Diatom Navicula australoshetlandica sp.

Abstract

Diatoms, known as photosynthetic unicellular algae, can produce natural biosilica frustules that exhibit great biocompatibility, superhydrophilicity, and superhemophilicity. In our study, the diatom Navicula australoshetlandica sp. was isolated from aquaculture wastewater and pretreated to obtain frustules so as to explore their hemostasis characteristics. A special “porous web” (6–8 nm) substructure in the ordered nanopores (165–350 nm) of boat-shaped diatom frustule was observed in Navicula australoshetlandica sp. using SEM and TEM analysis. Moreover, X-ray, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, and BET analysis showed that the diatom frustule is a mesoporous material with a surface area of 401.45 m2 g−1 amorphous silica. FTIR analysis showed that Navicula australoshetlandica sp. frustules possessed abundant OH functional groups. A low hemolysis ratio was observed for 1–5 mg mL−1 diatom frustules that did not exceed 1.55 ± 0.06%, which indicates favorable hemocompatibility. The diatom frustules exhibited the shortest clotting time (134.99 ± 7.00 s) with a hemostasis material/blood (mg/μL) ratio of 1:100, which is 1.83 times (112.32 s) shorter than that of chitosan. The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) of diatom frustule was also 44.53 s shorter than the control. Our results demonstrate the potential of Navicula australoshetlandica sp. diatom frustules to be used as medical hemostasis material.

Enzyme-Assisted Metabolically Coated Bimetallic Thalassiosira pseudonana Nanosilica as a Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrate for Specific Screening of Prostate Cancer Individuals

“…The phase compositions of DF, Au-DF, and Au/Cu X -DF exhibit a characteristic broad peak at the 2θ range of 20 and 26° attributed to the diatom frustule amorphous nature (Figure S3a). The postfunctionalization of the DF shows additional diffraction peaks 38.6, 45.6, 65.12, and 78.11° in the 2θ range that corresponds to the (111), (200), (220), and (311) planes of the gold nanoparticles (JCPDS, gold file No. 04-0784). ,, The quartz crystalline peak at 21.5 and 26.7° matches well with JCPDS file 89-8934, suggesting that T.…”

“…The N 2 adsorption/desorption isotherms of pure frustules possess an H1 hysteresis loop of type IV isotherms (IUPAC classification), suggesting the widespread presence of macropores within the frustules (Figure 3a). 34 The surface area of pure DF was calculated to be 192.5281 m 2 /g, estimated from the Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) plot, which is a good approximation of the Thalassiosira sp. frustules.…”

Removal of the Basic and Diazo Dyes from Aqueous Solution by the Frustules of Halamphora cf. salinicola (Bacillariophyta)

“…Therefore, the frustule surface not only has areolae, but other micro and mesopores. Previous reports showed that the average pore diameter of biosilica was calculated as 3.93 nm for P. trainorii [ 79 ], 3–10 nm for Thalassiosira punctigera, 3.6–3.7 nm for T. weissflogii [ 80 ], and 4.61 nm for Navicula australoshetlandica [ 81 ]. These findings were confirmed by the low temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption results: the isotherm for the SZCZM1454 H .…”

Inorganic-based biomaterials for rapid hemostasis and wound healing

“…Interestingly, this diatom silica had a specific “porous web” (6–8 nm) substructure in the ordered nanopores (165–350 nm) and they further exhibited a low hemolysis rate and shortened blood clotting time in vivo . 151 Feng and co-workers developed a series of chitosan-coated diatoms (CS-diatoms) for hemorrhage control. As a result, the CS-diatoms prepared with 1% chitosan exhibited favorable biocompatibility, great fluid absorption and a desirable hemostasis effect.…”