Study on the Flammability Limits of Lithium-Ion Battery Vent Gas under Different Initial Conditions

Advances and challenges in thermal runaway modeling of lithium-ion batteries

“…Concerning explosion hazards from gas release, two main questions arise: will an explosion occur, and what are the consequences? Calculating the lower explosive limit based on gas identification enables assessing the explosion possibility; 41 , 184 , 185 , 186 , 187 , 188 however, integrating this with actual scenarios is challenging. Recent advancements include explosion behavior analysis through gas diffusion simulation, 12 , 168 , 189 aiding in dynamic risk assessment.…”

Experimental Investigation of the Thermal Runaway Propagation Characteristics and Thermal Failure Prediction Parameters of Six-Cell Lithium-Ion Battery Modules

“…Other studies have investigated the factors contributing to TR, influential elements, suppression methods, and prediction models for LIB module TR [2]. Notably, analyses of precipitating and influencing factors have elucidated the roles played by various aspects of TR phenomena, such as the initial status of LIBs, including their state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) [3][4][5], environmental conditions like initial pressures and temperatures [6], material factors [7,8], triggering conditions [9,10], triggering modes and scales [11,12], battery types [13,14], battery arrangement [15,16], and the degree of battery aging [17]. Suppression methods have been proposed based on the development of internal components and external interventions, such as phase change materials [18], heat pipes [19], and two-phase sprays [20].…”