Study on the energy and protein metabolism in horses

Burlacu, G.; Voicu, D.; Voicu, I.; Nicolae, Petre-Marian; Petrache, E.; Georgescu, Gh.; Balan, Shanmugasundaram Senthil

doi:10.1080/17450399309386098

Cited by 3 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The mean value of 62 rations amounted to 10.0 ± 2.6 kJ/g digestible crude protein. Burlacu et al. (1993) describe urinary energy losses in pregnant and lactating mares as well as in growing foals of 11.5 ± 1.8 kJ/g of digestible crude protein.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aim of the study was to develop a ME system by correcting existing DE systems for energy losses by urine and methane. For this, data from the relevant literature were analysed to quantify these losses (Fingerling, 1931–1939; Burlacu et al., 1993; Vermorel et al., 1997a; b; Ragnarsson, 2009; Kienzle et al., 2009) and to identify relationships between the renal and methane loss and diet composition. Especially, the relationships between crude protein intake, digestibility and renal energy losses and crude fibre intake, digestibility and methane losses were investigated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Especially, the relationships between crude protein intake, digestibility and renal energy losses and crude fibre intake, digestibility and methane losses were investigated. For energy losses by urine, 113 observations from Fingerling (1931–1939), Burlacu et al. (1993), Vermorel et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2009) were evaluated. To investigate the impact on energy losses by methane, 91 observations were taken from Fingerling (1931–1939), Burlacu et al. (1993) and Vermorel et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present study, existing data on ME in horses are used to develop a prediction equation for ME from analytical data in the feed by correction of predicted DE for renal and methane energy losses. In contrast to previous suggestions for ME prediction (either for ME or net energy prediction from DE; Burlacu et al., 1993; Martin‐Rosset et al., 1994; Kronfeld, 1996) which used analytical data to predict the conversion rate of DE to ME linear corrections of DE for methane and urine energy are used in this paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The development of a metabolizable energy system for horses

Kienzle

Zeyner

2010

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition

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Summary The development of a metabolizable energy (ME) system for horses is described. Predictive equations for gross energy and digestible energy (DE) are revisited. The relationship between feed protein content and renal energy losses and the relationship between feed fibre content and methane energy losses were analysed in a literature review to develop predictive equations for ME. In horses, renal energy losses are much higher than losses by methane energy. Renal energy losses were correlated more strictly to protein intake than to digestible protein intake. The reason probably is that per gram of digestible crude protein energy losses are higher for roughage than for concentrates presumably because phenolic acids of forage cell walls contribute to higher urinary energy losses. However, digestibility of protein is lower in forages than in concentrates. The net result is a rather constant urinary energy loss of 0.008 MJ/g of crude protein in the feed. Methane losses in horses are smaller than in ruminants, presumably because of reductive acidogenesis in hind gut fermentation. Methane energy losses in equines are closely related to crude fibre intake. The mean methane energy losses amount to 0.002 MJ ME/g of crude fibre which can be used to correct for methane losses. Both corrections can be made for any predictive equation for DE. Metabolizable energy is then calculated as follows: ME MJ/kg = DE MJ/kg – 0.008 MJ/g crude protein – 0.002 MJ/g crude fibre. The equation of Zeyner and Kienzle (2002) to predict DE was adapted as mentioned above to predict ME: ME (MJ/kg dry matter) = −3.54 + 0.0129 crude protein+0.0420 crude fat−0.0019 crude fibre+0.0185 N‐free extract (crude nutrients in g/kg dry matter).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2009) were evaluated. To investigate the impact on energy losses by methane, 91 observations were taken from Fingerling (1931–1939), Burlacu et al. (1993) and Vermorel et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The development of a metabolizable energy system for horses

Kienzle

Zeyner

2010

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition

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Renal energy excretion of horses depends on renal hippuric acid and nitrogen excretion

Hipp

Südekum

Zeyner

et al. 2017

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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SummaryThe prediction of renal energy excretion is crucial in a metabolizable energy system for horses. Phenolic acids from forage cell walls may affect renal energy losses by increasing hippuric acid excretion. Therefore, the relationships were investigated between renal energy, nitrogen (N) and hippuric acid excretion of four adult ponies (230-384 kg body weight (BW)) consuming diets based on fresh grass, grass silage, grass cobs (heat-dried, finely chopped, pressed grass), alfalfa hay, straw, extruded straw and soybean meal. Feed intake was measured; urine and faeces were quantitatively collected for three days. y = 14.4 + 30.2x 1 +20.7x 2 (r = .95; n = 30; p < .05). Renal hippuric acid excretion was highest after intake of fresh grass and lowest after intake of soybean meal. The ratio of hippuric acid to creatinine in urine and the excretion of hippuric acid per gram of dry matter intake was significantly higher for fresh grass than for all other rations. There was no relationship between aromatic amino acid intake and renal hippuric acid excretion. The results of the present study and literature data suggest that feed can be categorized into four groups with regard to the energy losses per gram CP intake: (i) protein supplements (e.g., soybean meal): 4.2-4.9 kJ/g CP intake (ii) alfalfa hay, grains, dried sugar beet pulp: 6.4 kJ/g CP intake, (iii) hay, preserved grass products, straw: 5.2-12.3 kJ/g CP intake (mean 8) and (iv) fresh grass. For group (iii) a negative relationship was observed between renal energy losses per gram of CP and the content of CP or neutral-detergent-insoluble CP in dry matter. K E Y W O R D Shippuric acid, metabolizable energy, nitrogen excretion, phenolic acids | INTRODUCTIONRenal energy losses in horses range between 7% and 12% of digestible energy (Kienzle & Zeyner, 2010). Presumably, the reason for the high renal losses is that phenolic acids of plant cell walls can be released in the digestive tract, absorbed, metabolized to hippuric acid and eventually be excreted via urine. In addition, nitrogen (N) from excess crude protein (CP) intake is excreted as urea. Thus--like in other species-a high CP intake increases renal energy excretion. The Society of Nutrition Physiology introduced a metabolizable energy (ME) system for energy evaluation of horse feed and energy requirements for horses (GfE, 2014). A subtraction of 8 kJ/g CP in the feed is made for

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