Study on the efficiency of a transducer for sonochemistry by calorimetry

Abstract

Sonochemistry is an effective method for initiation or enhancement of the chemical reactions by ultrasound in a wide range of applications. In this study, the efficiency of a sonochemistry transducer, defined as the ratio of ultrasonic power to electrical power, was investigated for different materials and the thicknesses of the vibration plate in the frequency range 22 kHz–2 MHz. The ultrasonic power was measured by calorimetry. To eliminate the influence of reflected waves, the transducer was attached to the side of a cylindrical vessel. The transducer with a stainless-steel vibration plate was more efficient than those with vibration plates of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic or chloroprene rubber. The efficiencies of the transducers also increased with decreasing thickness of the vibration plates. Langevin-type transducers were less efficient than the disk-type transducers.

Dependence of reaction on vessel position, diameter, and liquid height in the sonochemical reactor with indirect irradiation

“…However, the ultrasonic power in the sample by indirect irradiation 8) is lower than that by direct irradiation. 15) This is because the ultrasonic power irradiated to the sample decreases due to ultrasonic reflection at the vessel bottom and ultrasonic absorption in the water tank. Several studies have been conducted on the parameters affecting sonochemical reaction performance by indirect irradiation.…”

Theoretical analysis and experimental verification of spatial coherence of acoustic cavitation noise from bubble clusters under ultrasonic horn

“…Acoustic cavitation bubbles generated by intense ultrasound in water radiate secondary ultrasound called acoustic cavitation noise owing to their volumetric oscillation. [1][2][3][4][5] In sonochemistry, which is concerned with understanding the chemical effects associated with acoustic cavitation phenomena, [6][7][8][9][10][11] acoustic cavitation noise has been attracting attention as a method for monitoring acoustic cavitation conditions, and numerous research findings have been reported. [12][13][14][15][16][17] However, reports on the explicit use of acoustic cavitation noise other than monitoring are limited.…”