Study on the Effects of Melatonin on Glycemic Control and Periodontal Parameters in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontal Disease

Abstract

Background and Objectives: There is evidence that melatonin could improve the periodontal status and also glycemic control of patients with diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of scaling and root planing plus adjunctive systemic treatment with melatonin on periodontal parameters and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 54 subjects with periodontitis and diabetes mellitus randomly assigned to the study group (n = 27, subjects with scaling and root planing + melatonin) or control group (n = 27, subjects with scaling and root planing + placebo). Periodontal parameters (probing depth—PD; clinical attachment loss—CAL; bleeding on probing—BOP; and hygiene level) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were assessed at baseline and 8 weeks after. Results: At baseline, there were no significant differences between groups, but at the second evaluation 8 weeks later the association of melatonin with the non-surgical periodontal therapy exerted statistically significant improvements, both in periodontal parameters, with a significant decrease in periodontal disease severity, and glycated hemoglobin when compared to the control subjects. Conclusions: In our study, combined non-surgical periodontal treatment and systemic treatment with melatonin provided additional improvements to severe periodontal condition and the glycemic control of patients with diabetes type 2 when compared to non-surgical periodontal treatment alone.

Effects of Antioxidant in Adjunct with Periodontal Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Second, after screening the full texts of the remaining 13 articles, four reports were excluded for irrelevant outcome measurement [ 50 ], insufficient inclusion criteria [ 40 , 51 ], and inappropriate study design [ 52 ] ( Table S1 ). Finally, nine eligible reports from eight studies [ 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 ] were included in this systematic review (inter-reviewer agreement, kappa statistic = 0.81). Among the nine reports included, two reports [ 57 , 60 ] had data generated from a single study conducted by Javid et al [ 57 , 60 ].…”

“…Among the nine reports included, two reports [ 57 , 60 ] had data generated from a single study conducted by Javid et al [ 57 , 60 ]. Of these, two studies [ 53 , 54 ] with adequate continuous data concerning periodontal health assessed using PPD measurements following melatonin supplementation in combination with non-surgical periodontal therapy, were included in the meta-analysis.…”

“…The study characteristics and parameters related to diabetes and periodontitis are shown in Table 1 and Table 2 , respectively. The intervention of antioxidants of included studies includes oral intakes of melatonin [ 53 , 54 ], propolis [ 55 ], ascorbic acid (vitamin C) [ 56 , 58 ], resveratrol [ 57 , 60 ], omega-3 fatty acids with cranberry juice [ 61 ], and topical use of aloe vera [ 59 ] in adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment.…”

“…The randomization used in the included studies were computer-generated random table [ 55 ], block design [ 54 , 57 , 60 ], and coin toss [ 56 , 59 ]. While some studies [ 53 , 58 , 61 ] did not mention the randomization method. Most studies used a placebo agent and followed a double-blind method for operators, evaluators, and patients [ 53 , 54 , 55 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ].…”

“…While some studies [ 53 , 58 , 61 ] did not mention the randomization method. Most studies used a placebo agent and followed a double-blind method for operators, evaluators, and patients [ 53 , 54 , 55 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ]. However, the others have an insufficient statement on blinding procedure [ 56 , 61 ].…”