Study on the Effects of Individualized Nutritional Intervention on Pregnancy Outcome and Neonatal Immune Function in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Objective. To study the effects of individualized nutritional intervention on pregnancy outcome and neonatal immune function in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 100 GDM patients from the obstetrics and gynecology department of our institute between February 2019 and February 2020. The patients were allocated into the control group given regular intervention and the experimental group given individualized nutritional intervention according to different intervention measures, with 50 cases in each group. The comparison was carried out for patients in the two groups with regard to their modality of delivery, neonatal health, their plasma glucose in fasting state, 2 h after eating, and before bedtime; glycohemoglobin at 8 months of pregnancy, at 9 months of pregnancy, during labor, and 1 month after delivery; their complications; and neonatal CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ levels. Results. The experimental group outperformed the control group in terms of the spontaneous delivery rate, the number of healthy neonates, and neonatal CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ levels ( P < 0.05 ). The plasma glucose in fasting state, 2 h after eating, and before bedtime; the glycohemoglobin at 8 months of pregnancy, at 9 months of pregnancy, during labor, and 1 month after delivery; and the incidence of complications of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Individualized nutritional intervention increases the rate of spontaneous delivery in GDM patients, enhances neonatal immune function, stabilizes plasma glucose, and reduces complications.

Nutrition-Education-Based Interventions in Gestational Diabetes: A Scoping Review of Clinical Trials

“…In a retrospective analysis comparing MNT to generic health education, Zhang et al reported a 38% reduction from the baseline in FPG [29]. The personalized nutrition also yielded lower HbA1c levels than the control group at eight months, nine months, during labor, and one month postpartum [29]. In a second retrospective cohort study, MNT counseling resulted in 2hPPG and FPG values 37% and 18% lower than the control group's values [30].…”

“…Even though only a few MNT clinical trials were identified through this scoping review, retrospective analyses on women with GDM have also indicated benefits to blood glucose control. In a retrospective analysis comparing MNT to generic health education, Zhang et al reported a 38% reduction from the baseline in FPG [29]. The personalized nutrition also yielded lower HbA1c levels than the control group at eight months, nine months, during labor, and one month postpartum [29].…”

Expression and diagnostic value of lncRNA HCG18 in gestational diabetes mellitus

“…Data show that GDM accounts for 80 percent of all diabetes-related pregnant women [2]. Gestational diabetes mellitus may cause maternal infection, increased amniotic fluid, fetal hyperglycemia, excessive insulin secretion, and complications such as hypertension and neonatal hypoglycemia [3][4][5]. The prevalence of GDM has increased significantly in recent years, due to changes in lifestyle and personal dietary habits.…”

“…Currently, dietary therapy and drug therapy are the main treatment methods. Reasonable dietary control not only needs to ensure basic energy needs, but also avoid postprandial hyperglycemia or starvation ketosis to ensure the normal growth and development of the fetus [4]. If the blood sugar level cannot be effectively controlled in a short period of time, insulin therapy needs to be added according to the specific condition of the pregnant woman [6].…”