Study on the Effects of Chinese Materia Medica Processing on the Hypoglycemic Activity and Chemical Composition of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma

Abstract

Purpose. To compare the hypoglycemic effects of different extracts of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (AR) before and after being stir-baked with salt water on the diabetic mice and to detect the contents of 8 components in the corresponding active parts simultaneously using the UPLC-MS method, in order to screen the better extracts for diabetes and to clear the material basis for enhancing hypoglycemic activity of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma stir-baked with salt water (SAR). Methods. Taking spontaneous type II diabetic db/db mice as models and fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), glycated hemoglobin or glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc), serum resistin (RESISTEIN), fasting insulin (FINS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) as indicators, the hypoglycemic effects of different active parts of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma were evaluated. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters BEH C18 (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) column using acetonitrile (B) and 0.1% formic acid in water (A) as mobile phases, and the flow rate was 0.3 ml/min. The column temperature was set as 28°C, and the injection volume was 10 μL. A mass spectrometer was connected to the UPLC system via an electrospray ionization (ESI) interface. Full-scan data acquisition was performed in the negative ion mode. Result. In the study of pharmacodynamics, the hypoglycemic effect of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma stir-baked with salt water is better than that of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and the hypoglycemic effect of ethanol extract of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma is more remarkable than that of the decoction. The measured components all have a good linear relationship within their respective linear ranges (r ≥ 0.9990); the average recovery rates are 98.86%–100.69%, RSD <2.90%. Compared with the raw Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, the contents of Timosaponin AIII, Timosaponin BII, Timosaponin BIII, Anemarrhenasaponin I, Anemarrhenasaponin Ia, and Mangiferin of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma stir-baked with salt water are all higher, the changes of Timosaponin AI and Anemarrhenasaponin AII are not obvious, and all the contents of chemical composition in the ethanol extract of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Anemarrhenae Rhizoma stir-baked with salt water were obviously higher compared with the water decoction. Conclusion. The processing method, stir-baking with salt water, can increase the contents of active compositions in Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and strengthen the hypoglycemic effect. The ethanol extract of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma stir-baked with salt water is the better active site.

Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of timosaponin AIII, timosaponin BIII, and mangiferin extracted from crude and salt-processed Anemarrhenae Rhizoma by UPLC-MS/MS

“…In addition, previous research found that salt processing significantly improved the hypoglycemic effect of AR. 8,9 The strengthening effect of salt-processed Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (SAR) is consistent with the traditional Chinese medicine theory of “yin deficiency-engendered heat dry” in the pathogenesis of diabetes. 10 The synergistic mechanism of AR after salt processing is shown in Fig.…”

A case report of integrating Chinese and Western medicine: A new era in the treatment of stiff person syndrome

“…Semen Alpiniae Katsumadai 9 g Stomachic, antiemetic, inhibition of tumor formation, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial [36] Houpo Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex 9 g ntibacterial, anti-tumor, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects [37] Xiangfu Cyperus rotundus L 9 g Antioxidant, anti-allergic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antiemetic, hepatoprotective, anti-diarrhea, anti-malarial, neuroprotective, [38] and so on. "Wen li" medicine Wuyao Lindera aggregata 10 g Anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-oxidant [39] Yizhiren Alpinia oxyphylla Miq 12 g Ameliorating cognitive disorders and alleviating pathological brain injuries characteristic of neurodegenerative disorders [40] "Xingqi Zhitong" medicine Chuanlianzi Toosendan Fructus 12 g Anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiviral, anti-oxidative, insecticidal, antifeedant and other properties [41] Foshou Citri sarcodactylis Fructus 9 g Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant [42] "Yangyin Shengjin" medicine Zhimu Anemarrhenae rhizoma 12 g Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antipyretic, antidepressant [43]…”

Study on the mechanism of Zhimu in the treatment of ovarian cancer based on network pharmacology

“…This plant belongs to the genus Anemarrhenae in the Liliaceae family, and the dried rhizome of this plant is used to make medicine. It has a bitter taste, which reduces fire and heat while nourishing yin and strengthening yang [4]. The primary components of Zhimu, ginsenosides and sapogenins, have anticoagulant, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties.…”