Study on the effect of sugar canes and saccharin to the value of electrical impedance of apple cider manalagi (Malus sylvestris mill)

A Study on Electrical Impedance in Ripening Ambon-Bananas (Musa Paradisiaca Var. Sapientum) Processes Stimulated by Ethrel (2-Chloroethyl Phosphonic Acid)

“…The formation of sugar in the ripening process will increase the impedance value of the banana [14]. The 1,000 ppm ethrel concentration shifted the time of sugar formation compared to the control, where on the third day, the maximum maturity level occurred, and this also happened at a concentration of 2000 ppm.…”

“…The EIS-based study has been applied to various fields, for example, observing changes in physiological properties in fruits: apples, mango, bananas, and avocado [5][6][7][8][9]. Also, the EIS application used to detect additives, or additional food ingredients identify the concentration of salt solutions [10][11][12][13][14]. Until now, various forms and quantities of EIS electrodes have been developed [15,16].…”

A Method of Evaluating Apple Juice Adulteration with Sucrose Based on Its Electrical Properties and RCC Model

“…The growing demand for apple juice, observed on the market, is a strong economic driver for fraudulent food producers and processors who seek fast profits by concealing the inadequate quality, production method, and chemical composition of the product. One such adulteration method involves diluting natural apple juice with water or other cheaper juices and adding sweetening agents (sucrose, saccharin, aspartame) or acidifying agents (ascorbic acid or malic acid) [1][2][3][4][5][6]. According to the data given by Dasenaki and Thomaidis [7] based on the European Committee information, fruit juices are included in the top 10 food products with the highest risk of food fraud.…”

“…The methods for testing electrical properties, developed based on such electrical parameters as impedance, conductivity, capacitance, and dielectric constant, have gained in significance in recent years. They are employed to assess changes in the degree of fruit ripeness, damage, and spoilage [16][17][18]; determine contents of sugar, water, TSS, minerals, dry matter, and pH value; and to detect bacteria and impurities harmful to human health in fruits and fruit juices [6,15,[19][20][21][22][23][24], among other applications. According to Muñoz-Huerta et al [25], a reliable alternative to the conventional non-destructive techniques can be offered by electrical methods, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), which can provide information about the properties (structure, chemical composition) and behavior of the tested sample in the electric field [26,27].…”

“…Juansah and Yulianti [29] found that ion behavior in solvents (i.e., ionion and ion-solvent interactions) is also important. Widodo et al [6], who investigated the effect of cane sugar and saccharin addition to apple cider manalagi on changes in its electrical parameters, showed that, at a frequency of up to 10 kHz, the type of the added sugar could be determined based on the impedance value. In turn, by measuring impedance and checking the degree of fit of the electric models described in the available literature [30][31][32], Ibba et al [24] pointed to the usability of impedance and an original electric RRC model for the determination of changes occurring during apple and banana ripening.…”