Study on the effect of lithium nitrate in ionic conduction properties based alginate biopolymer electrolytes

Abstract

In this present work, the conduction properties of biopolymer electrolytes (BEs) based alginate incorporation with LiNO 3 was studied. FTIR analysis showed there is complexation occurred when incorporation with LiNO 3 via COO − group of alginate. The interaction between alginate and LiNO 3 shown an improvement in ionic conductivity of BEs where was increased from 3.24×10 -7 S cm −1 for un-doped sample and achieved optimum value at 1.14×10 -4 S cm −1 for sample containing with 15 wt. % LiNO 3 . The prepared samples shown that it has thermally assisted when the temperature is increased and shown Arrhenius behavior. Deconvolution approached revealed that the present ionic conduction of BEs influenced by ionic mobility and diffusion coefficient.

Natural Inspired Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) Doped with Ammonium Carbonate (AC) as Biopolymer Electrolyte

“…Several methods have been employed previously by researchers to calculate the transport number [20,21]. The commonly used one is by using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) deconvolution approach, which is also the method chosen for this study [22][23][24]. Apart from that, a high cation transference number is also crucial in electrolyte system as it can reduce charge concentration gradient and subsequently produce higher power density when assembled in a battery [25].…”

Role of Mg(NO3)2 as Defective Agent in Ameliorating the Electrical Conductivity, Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Agarose–Based Polymer Electrolytes

“…The cation leaps from one electronegative atom to another, creating a vacancy that another readily available cation present can fill at the neighbouring atom. This repetitive leaping of charge transport species is known as the Grotthus mechanism and is related to cation-anions disjointed via a dissociation process [ 35 , 36 ]. The effectiveness of salt dissociation can be improved by using a salt with a low lattice energy and relying on the cation size [ 23 , 32 ].…”

“…One can notice that a low electric modulus was recorded for the low-frequency regime, which is attributed to the concealed electrode polarisation effect [ 31 , 40 ]. Differently, for the electric modulus in the high-frequency regime both the real and imaginary electric modulus increase without well-defined peak formation, and the increased values are due to the bulk effect of the electrolyte samples [ 36 ]. In other aspects, the increase of temperature results in the inclination of values implying a higher movement rate of the charge carriers.…”

“…Further, the free ions and contact ions percentages were calculated from the following formulas: where is an area under the peak of the free ion region and is the area under the peak of the contact ion region. In this work, the free ions peak is observed at 1404–1410 cm −1 which is important to clarify the conductivity trend in the sample [ 36 ]. The contact ion or ion pairs (Mg 2+ ------NO 3 − ) is effected in the polymer electrolyte due to the electrostatic forces that form between oppositely charged ions in the electrolyte.…”

“…Another type of coexistent species is the ion aggregates (Mg 2+ ------NO 3 − ------Mg 2+ ) that originate from the interactions among the Mg(NO 3 ) 2 units in the agarose matrix and are assumed to be larger than ion pairs. The vibrational frequencies encountered at 1419–1423 cm −1 and 1340–1366 cm −1 are assignable to ion pairs and ion aggregates, respectively [ 36 ]. From these decomposed peaks, the area peak of free ions in AMg0 is lower than in AMg5 due to the absence of dopants in the polymer matrix.…”