Study on the Effect of Spray Drying Process on the Quality of Microalgal Biomass: a Comprehensive Biocomposition Analysis of Spray-Dried S. acuminatus Biomass

Zhang, Haiyang; Gong, Teng; Li, Jing; Pan, Bo; Duan, Ming; Zhang, Xuezhi

doi:10.1007/s12155-021-10343-8

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The reported TOC values are because carbon is present in the purified propolis and the wall materials used as part of the structure of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and fibers [ 52 , 72 , 73 ]. The obtained TOC data are related to the results of the SEM-EDS surface analysis performed in the present study; in both cases, the presence of organic molecules, typical in spray-dried products in the food industry, would be confirmed [ 15 , 19 , 74 , 75 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

“…The second event occurred between 315.35 and 319.6 °C, with losses in weight between 52.21 and 54.95%, mainly due to the incineration of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and other organic components. Above these temperatures, the other compounds of the encapsulated matrix would be lost until finally reaching residues [ 74 , 76 , 82 , 87 ]. The decomposition of free polyphenols and amino acids would occur above 200 °C due to the interaction of phenolic compounds with the polymeric encapsulation matrices [ 6 , 88 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Obtaining and Characterizing Andean Multi-Floral Propolis Nanoencapsulates in Polymeric Matrices

Ligarda-Samanez

Choque-Quispe

Moscoso-Moscoso

et al. 2022

Foods

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Propolis is a substance with significant anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiviral activity, which could be used more efficiently at the nano level as an additive in the food industry. The aim was to obtain and characterize nanoencapsulated multi-floral propolis from the agro-ecological region of Apurimac, Peru. For nanoencapsulation, 5% ethanolic extracts propolis with 0.3% gum arabic and 30% maltodextrin were prepared. Then, the mixtures were dried by nano spraying at 120 °C using the smallest nebulizer. The flavonoid content was between 1.81 and 6.66 mg quercetin/g, the phenolic compounds were between 1.76 and 6.13 mg GAE/g, and a high antioxidant capacity was observed. The results of moisture, water activity, bulk density, color, hygroscopicity, solubility, yield, and encapsulation efficiency were typical of the nano spray drying process. The total organic carbon content was around 24%, heterogeneous spherical particles were observed at nanometer level (between 11.1 and 562.6 nm), with different behaviors in colloidal solution, the thermal gravimetric properties were similar in all the encapsulates, the FTIR and EDS analysis confirmed the encapsulation and the X-ray diffraction showed amorphous characteristics in the obtained material; stability and phenolic compound release studies indicated high values of 8.25–12.50 mg GAE/g between 8 and 12 h, the principal component analysis confirmed that the flora, altitude, and climate of the propolis location influenced the content of bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity, and other properties studied. The nanoencapsulate from the district of Huancaray was the one with the best results, allowing its future use as a natural ingredient in functional foods. Nevertheless, technological, sensory, and economic studies should still be carried out.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obtaining and Characterizing Andean Multi-Floral Propolis Nanoencapsulates in Polymeric Matrices

Ligarda-Samanez

Choque-Quispe

Moscoso-Moscoso

et al. 2022

Foods

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“…The TOC results are shown in Figure 4, where it could be seen that the values in the encapsulates varied between 13.82 and 14.93%, no significant differences were observed between the treatments for each input temperature (p > 0.05), and no amounts of inorganic carbon (IC) were reported because the samples were totally organic. It was also noted that the higher the proportions of encapsulants, the higher the TOC contents in the treatments since carbon atoms are a structural part of polypeptides, glucides, lipids, and fibers [44,57,64], so their determination would allow confirming the presence of these molecules in the spray-dried products [16,58,65,66]. [28,38].…”

Section: Total Organic Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microencapsulation of Erythrocytes Extracted from Cavia porcellus Blood in Matrices of Tara Gum and Native Potato Starch

Ligarda-Samanez

Moscoso-Moscoso

Choque-Quispe

et al. 2022

Foods

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Ferropenic anemy is the leading iron deficiency disease in the world. The aim was to encapsulate erythrocytes extracted from the blood of Cavia porcellus, in matrices of tara gum and native potato starch. For microencapsulation, solutions were prepared with 20% erythrocytes; and encapsulants at 5, 10, and 20%. The mixtures were spray-dried at 120 and 140 °C. The iron content in the erythrocytes was 3.30 mg/g and between 2.32 and 2.05 mg/g for the encapsulates (p < 0.05). The yield of the treatments varied between 47.84 and 58.73%. The moisture, water activity, and bulk density were influenced by the temperature and proportion of encapsulants. The total organic carbon in the atomized samples was around 14%. The particles had diverse reddish tonalities, which were heterogeneous in their form and size; openings on their surface were also observed by SEM. The particle size was at the nanometer level, and the zeta potential (ζ) indicated a tendency to agglomerate and precipitation the solutions. The presence of iron was observed on the surface of the atomized by SEM-EDX, and FTIR confirmed the encapsulation due to the presence of the chemical groups OH, C-O, C-H, and N-H in the atomized. On the other hand, high percentages of iron release in vitro were obtained between 88.45 and 94.71%. The treatment with the lowest proportion of encapsulants performed at 140 °C obtained the best results and could potentially be used to fortify different functional foods.

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“…The spray dryer design should ensure the evaporation of 29.9 kg water /batch with the production of 2.9 kg DCW /batch. The residual moisture content of the SD powder (reported as <10%) [ 19 , 36 , 37 ] was assumed to be negligible. A pilot-scale spray dryer with an evaporating capacity of 15 kg water /h was selected.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite its efficiency, freeze drying is considered an expensive technology owing to its high energy requirements, potentially limiting its use at a larger scale of production [ 16 , 17 ]. Several studies have already demonstrated the potential of spray drying to preserve natural compounds, such as β-carotene [ 18 ], lipids [ 19 , 20 ], fatty acids [ 19 , 20 ], carbohydrates [ 19 ] and proteins, [ 19 ] in various microalgal species. However, to our knowledge, no study has investigated the potential of spray drying to preserve microalgae expressing recombinant proteins and, more specifically, to produce microalgae-based edible vaccines for aquaculture applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spray Drying Is a Viable Technology for the Preservation of Recombinant Proteins in Microalgae

et al. 2023

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Microalgae are promising host organisms for the production of encapsulated recombinant proteins such as vaccines. However, bottlenecks in bioprocess development, such as the drying stage, need to be addressed to ensure feasibility at scale. In this study, we investigated the potential of spray drying to produce a recombinant vaccine in microalgae. A transformant line of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii carrying a subunit vaccine against salmonid alphavirus was created via chloroplast engineering. The integrity of the recombinant protein after spray drying and its stability after 27 months storage at –80 °C, +4 °C and room temperature were assessed by immunoblotting. The protein withstood spray drying without significant losses. Long-term storage at +4 °C and room temperature resulted in 50% and 92% degradation, respectively. Optimizing spray drying and storage conditions should minimize degradation and favour short-term storage at positive temperatures. Using data on yield and productivity, the economics of spray drying- and freeze drying-based bioprocesses were compared. The drying stage corresponded to 41% of the total production cost. Process optimization, genetic engineering and new market strategies were identified as potential targets for cost reduction. Overall, this study successfully demonstrates the suitability of spray drying as a process option for recombinant protein production in microalgae at the industrial scale.

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Study on the Effect of Spray Drying Process on the Quality of Microalgal Biomass: a Comprehensive Biocomposition Analysis of Spray-Dried S. acuminatus Biomass

Cited by 19 publications

References 43 publications

Obtaining and Characterizing Andean Multi-Floral Propolis Nanoencapsulates in Polymeric Matrices

Obtaining and Characterizing Andean Multi-Floral Propolis Nanoencapsulates in Polymeric Matrices

Microencapsulation of Erythrocytes Extracted from Cavia porcellus Blood in Matrices of Tara Gum and Native Potato Starch

Spray Drying Is a Viable Technology for the Preservation of Recombinant Proteins in Microalgae

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