Study on the cytotoxicity of microcystin-LR on cultured cells

The Kidney Vero-E6 Cell Line: A Suitable Model to Study the Toxicity of Microcystins

“…Thompson et al [70] reported that cyanobacteria extracts containing up to 10 µM of MCLR did not interfere with the morphology and LDH release of Vero cells. Chong et al [21] also did not found changes in Vero cells viability (evaluated by the MTT assay) after exposure to concentrations up to 37.5 µM of pure MCLR during 24-96 h. Grabow et al [71] described cytopathogenic effects (rounding and disintegration of cells) of Vero cells induced by M. aeruginosa extracts containing 500 µM of MCLR. The results from our studies show a higher sensitivity of Vero-E6 cell line to MCLR than those previously reported data for Vero cells (Table 1).…”

“…A proposed explanation was the fact that established cell lines lose their OATPs, which render them unable to uptake the toxin [19,20]. Despite this fact, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that MCs clearly induce toxic effects on several mammalian cell lines, in particular in the human hepatoma HepG2 cell line [21][22][23][24]. Indeed, it was already demonstrated that OATP transport system is preserved in the HepG2 cells [25].…”

Noninvasive Probing of Inhibitory Effects of Cylindrospermopsin and Microcystin-LR Using Cell-Based Impedance Spectroscopy

“…Such behavior indicated that this toxin , (b) 8.3, (c) 13.3, (d) 20, and (e) 25. was not able to penetrate the cells as easily as cylindrospermopsin. This result was not surprising as reports have indicated that cultured cell lines do not actively take up microcystins (39). However, CHO cells genetically engineered to express the organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP1B3) have been used in conjunction with a cell electronic sensing system (RT-CES) to measure a cytotoxic response to microcystins (40).…”

Toxicity of microcystins in the isolated hepatocytes of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

“…There were many reports about the toxicity of microcystins in hepatocytes of rodents (Mereish and Solow, 1990;Ding et al, 1998Ding et al, , 2000 and in cell lines of mammal (Chong et al, 2000;Zegura et al, 2003); information regarding toxic effects of microcystins on hepatocytes of freshwater fish was relatively scarce (Mankiewicz et al, 2001;Li et al, 2001aLi et al, , b, 2004Malbrouck, et al, 2004;Li et al, 2005;Pichardo et al, 2005;Xie et al, 2005 According to several authors (Eriksson, et al, 1990;Runnegar et al, 1993;Dawson, 1998;de Figueiredo et al, 2004), hepatocytes were the main target of microcystins because the uptakes of these toxins require the action of multispecific transporter bile acids.…”